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Amakhethini asesibhedlele alahlwayo: Isisombululo esingabizi kakhulu sococeko lwesibhedlele
Amakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayoisebenza njengesisombululo esisebenzayo sokugcina ucoceko kwiindawo zempilo, kubandakanya nokusetyenziswa isikrini sabucala sesibhedleles. Eziamakhethini ezempilo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wokosuleleka kunye nosulelo. Izifundo zakutshanje zibonisa ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-72% yezibhedlele zisebenzise iindlela ezingasetyenziswayo, ngakumbi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-antimicrobial, ezikwathandwa kakhulu kwi amakhethini ezonyango eOstreliyaLe ndlela igxininisa iingenelo zabo zemali kubaphathi bezibhedlele, nto leyo ebenza babe lukhetho olukrelekrele kuyo nayiphi na ikliniki yamakhethini.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
- Iyalahlwa amakhethini esibhedlele kakhuluukunciphisa umngcipheko wongcoliseko oluhambelanayo kunye nosulelo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu ezifana ne-ICU kunye ne-ORs.
- Ukutshintshela kwiikhethini ezilahlwayo kunokukhokelela ekubeni ukonga iindleko ezinkulu ngokuphelisa iindleko zokuhlamba impahla kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zabasebenzi, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwesibhedlele ngokubanzi.
- Iindlela zokwenza ngokwezifiso amakhethini angasetyenziswayo ziphucula ukusebenza kwawo kunye nobuhle bawo, zinegalelo kwintuthuzelo nolwaneliseko lwesigulana ngelixa zigcina imigangatho yococeko ephezulu.
Ukuthintela Usulelo Ngeekhethini Zesibhedlele
Ukuthintela usulelo yinto ebalulekileyo kwiindawo zonyango. Amakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wongcoliseko olusasazekayo. Ezi khethini zenzelwe ukuba zitshintshwe rhoqo, nto leyo enceda ekupheliseni ukusinda kwezifo ezibangela iintsholongwane. Uphando lubonisa ukuba zisebenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu ezifana neeYunithi zoKhathalelo oluPhezulu (ii-ICU), amagumbi oLawulo (ii-OR), amaSebe eNgxamiseko (ii-ED), kunye neeWadi zokuZihlukanisa.
Izifundo zibonise ukuba amakhethini emveli asetyenziswa kwakhona adla ngokuba neentsholongwane eziyingozi. Umzekelo, ama-95% amakhethini aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa kwakhona abonakalise ungcoliseko ubuncinane kanye, apho ama-21% avavanye ukuba ane-Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayo abonisa iipropati zokulwa nentsholongwane ezinciphisa kakhulu umthwalo weentsholongwane ngokuhamba kwexesha. Athintela ukukhula kweentsholongwane, nto leyo ekhokelela kumanqanaba aphantsi eentsholongwane ezifana I-Pseudomonas aeruginosa kunye ne-MRSA, nokuba sele isetyenzisiwe ixesha elide.
Iintsholongwane ezithintela iikhethini zesibhedlele ezilahlwayo ziquka:
- I-Clostridium difficile
- Ayimelani neMethicillin I-Staphylococcus aureus
- I-Enterobacteriaceae engamelani neCarbapenem
- I-enterococci engamelani ne-vancomycin
Ukongeza, la makhethini anokuthintela ukudluliselwa kweebhaktheriya ezahlukeneyo, kuquka:
- Iintsholongwane ezingezizo iigram ezifana I-Escherichia coli kwaye I-Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Iibhaktheriya ezinegram ezifana I-Staphylococcus aureus kwaye I-Enterococcus faecalis
- Iintsholongwane ezenza iintsholongwane, ngakumbi I-Clostridium difficile
Ukuze kugcinwe imigangatho yococeko efanelekileyo, amaziko ezempilo kufuneka amisele imigaqo yokutshintsha amakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayo. Ukutshintshwa rhoqo kunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwamalungu kwaye kuphucula ukhuseleko kwizigulane nakubasebenzi bezempilo.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Izinto eziphathekayo | I-polypropylene eyi-100%, ilaphu elingalukwanga – 120gsm |
| Ukhuseleko loMlilo | Isithinteli-mlilo (AS 2755.2-1985) – Ayiphumelelanga Ukutsha |
| Iimpawu ze-antibacterial | Ifakwe iikhemikhali ezilwa neentsholongwane kunye nezokulwa nokungunda, kuquka nesilivere ye-nanometer |
| Ulawulo losulelo | Amandla abonakalisiweyo okuthintela ukukhula kweebhaktheriya, anciphisa ukuphindaphindeka kotshintsho lwekhethini xa kuthelekiswa namakhethini angasetyenziswa kwakhona anganyangwanga |
Ukulula kokugcinwa kwamakhethini esibhedlele
Ukugcina amakhethini esibhedlele kunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezixakekileyo zempilo. Amakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayo anika inzuzo enkulu kule nkalo. Aphelisa isidingo sokuhlanjwa, nto leyo egcina ixesha kunye nezixhobo. Amaziko ezempilo anokulahla la makhethini emva kokusetyenziswa, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukucoca.
| Uhlobo lweKheteni | Iimfuneko zokucoca | Iimfuneko zoLondolozo |
|---|---|---|
| Amakhethini alahlwayo | Akukho mfuneko yokuhlamba impahla; ilahlwe nje emva kokusetyenziswa. | Akukho mfuneko yokulungiswa; kufuneka itshintshwe njengoko kufuneka. |
| Amakhethini Angasetyenziswa Kwakhona | Kufuna ukuhlamba impahla rhoqo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokucoca ukuqinisekisa ucoceko. | Kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo kwaye itshintshwe njengenxalenye yesicwangciso solawulo. |
Ukusetyenziswa kweekhethini zesibhedlele ezilahlwayo kunciphisa kakhulu umthwalo kubasebenzi bezempilo. Ngokususa imfuneko yokuhlamba impahla kunye neenkqubo zokucoca ezintsonkothileyo, abasebenzi banokunikela ixesha elingakumbi ekunyamekeleni izigulana. Olu tshintsho luphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemisebenzi yesibhedlele.
Ukongeza, amakhethini angasetyenziswayo ukuphucula ucoceko ngokutshintshwa rhoqo. Oku kutshintshwa rhoqo kunciphisa iingozi zokosuleleka, kuqinisekisa indawo ekhuselekileyo kwizigulana nakubasebenzi ngokufanayo.
Ukusebenziseka kakuhle kweendleko zamakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayo
I ukonga imali kwiikhethini zesibhedlele ezilahlwayo Ibonakala njengesizathu esibalulekileyo sokuba amaziko ezempilo acinge ngokwamkelwa kwawo. Xa kuthelekiswa iindleko ezinxulumene namakhethini alahlwayo nalawo anokusetyenziswa kwakhona, iingenelo zemali ziyacaca.
Uthelekiso lweendleko ezithe ngqo
Amakhethini asesibhedlele alahlwayo adla ngokubiza malunga ne-$25.00 ngeyunithi nganye. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amakhethini aphinda asetyenziswe abiza malunga ne-$10.00 ngokuhlamba. Lo mahluko ubonisa ukonga okukhawulezileyo okunxulunyaniswa neendlela zokulahla ezilahlwayo.
| Uhlobo lweKheteni | Ixabiso ngeYunithi nganye | Ixabiso lokuhlanjwa kwempahla |
|---|---|---|
| Iyalahlwa | $25.00 | N / A |
| Ingasetyenziswa kwakhona (Iyahlanjwa) | N / A | $10.00 |
| Ukonga Iindleko Zonyaka | Ngaphantsi ngama-70% | N / A |
Ukonga Ixesha Elide
Ukutshintshela kwiikhethini zesibhedlele ezilahlwayo kunokukhokelela ekubeni ukonga okukhulu kwexesha elide. Ukulula kokungadingi ukuhlamba amakhethini kunciphisa iindleko zomsebenzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo. Le theyibhile ilandelayo ishwankathela izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zokhetho ngalunye:
| Iingenelo zeeDrape eziLahlwayo | Iingxaki zeeDrape ezingasetyenziswa kwakhona |
|---|---|
| Ukungazali: Kunciphisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka | Imingeni yokungabi nazintsholongwane: Kunzima ukuyigcina emva kokusetyenziswa izihlandlo ezininzi |
| Ukulungela: Kugcina ixesha kunye nezixhobo | Ukusebenza kakhulu: Kufuna ukucocwa nokubulawa iintsholongwane |
| Ixabiso Eliphantsi: Iindleko eziphantsi zexesha elide ngenxa yokuncipha kwabasebenzi kunye nokugcinwa | Indawo Yokugcina Izinto: Ifuna indawo yokuhlamba nokubulala iintsholongwane |
Uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lweendleko
Uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lubonisa ukuba iindleko zonyaka zokugcina amakhethini asetyenziswa kwakhona zinokufikelela kwi-$25,000. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iindleko zizonke zamakhethini asetyenziswa kwakhona zimalunga ne-$66,000. Nangona eli nani lisenokubonakala liphezulu, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nempembelelo yokusingqongileyo enxulumene namakhethini asetyenziswa kwakhona.
| Umbono | Amakhethini Angasetyenziswa Kwakhona | Amakhethini alahlwayo |
|---|---|---|
| Iindleko Zonyaka | $25,000 | $66,000 |
| Ukunciphisa iNkunkuma | Iipawundi ezingama-254,000 | N / A |
| Ukukhutshwa kweCO2 | I-1/3 yezinto ezilahlwayo | N / A |
| Ukukhutshwa komhlaza | I-1/16 yezinto ezilahlwayo | N / A |
| Uthintelo losulelo | Elilinganayo | Elilinganayo |
Izinto eziqwalaselwayo ngexesha lobomi
Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuphila kwamakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayo lidla ngokukhawulelwa ekusetyenzisweni kube kanye okanye ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezintathu, ngelixa amakhethini aphinda asetyenziswe anokuthatha iminyaka esixhenxe ngokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko eziqhubekayo zokuhlamba impahla kunye nokugcina amakhethini aphinda asetyenziswe zinokunciphisa ixesha lawo elide lokuphila.
| Ipharamitha | Amakhethini alahlwayo | Amakhethini Angasetyenziswa Kwakhona |
|---|---|---|
| Ubude bobomi obuqhelekileyo | Ukusetyenziswa kube kanye okanye ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezi-3 | Ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka esi-7 (kunye nokugcinwa) |
Izinto Eziqwalaselwe Kwindalo Esingqongileyo Kwiikhethini Zezibhedlele
Amakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayo azisa imingeni ebalulekileyo kwindalo esingqongileyo, ingakumbi malunga nokuveliswa kwenkunkuma. Umzekelo, ukuba izibhedlele zase-NHS eNgilane zitshintsha amakhethini azo kabini ngonyaka, zilahla malunga neetoni ezingama-235 zamakhethini. Ukutshintsha amakhethini veki nganye kuyayiphucula le ngxaki, nto leyo ebangela malunga neetoni ezingama-6,106 zenkunkuma ezivela kumakhethini amalunga nezigidi ezi-6.7. Iwadi eqhelekileyo enama-bay ama-6 elahla amakhethini rhoqo kwiiveki ezine ivelisa malunga ne-2,125 kg ye-CO₂ ngonyaka, okulingana nokukhutshwa kwegesi kwiinqwelomoya ezili-13 ezivela eLondon ukuya eGlasgow.
Nangona le mingeni injalo, abanye abavelisi bajongana neengxaki zokusingqongileyo ngokuvelisa amakhethini angasetyenziswayo izinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe okanye ezinokubolaUmzekelo, ezinye iindlela ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo ziquka izinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ziyabola. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, i-On The Right Track inikezela ngamakhethini eekhabhinethi anokuphinda asetyenziswe kuphela ahlangabezana nemigangatho engenazo iikhemikhali esekwe yintlangano yezeMpilo.
Ukunciphisa impembelelo yekhethini ezilahlwayo kwindalo esingqongileyo, izibhedlele zinokusebenzisa amaqhinga aliqela:
- Iinkqubo zokurisayikilisha: Misela iinkqubo ezizinikeleyo zokuphinda usebenzise amalaphu alahlwayo ezenziwe ngezinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.
- Izinto ezibolayo: Hlola ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinokubola kwiingubo ezilahlwayo.
- Ukuguqulwa kweNkunkuma ibe yiMandla: Phanda ubuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa inkunkuma ibe ngamandla obuguqula inkunkuma yezonyango ibe ngamandla.
- Intsebenziswano yababoneleli: Sebenzisana nababoneleli abazinikele kwiinkqubo ezizinzileyo.
- Imfundo noQeqesho: Ukubonelela ngemfundo neenkqubo zoqeqesho kubasebenzi bezempilo malunga neendlela zokulahla inkunkuma ngendlela efanelekileyo.
- Uphuculo Oluqhubekayo: Sebenzisa isakhelo sokuvavanya nokuphucula amanyathelo okugcina uzinzo rhoqo.
Ngokwamkela ezi ndlela, amaziko ezempilo anokukwazi ukunciphisa umngcipheko wabo kwindalo esingqongileyo ngelixa begcina imigangatho yococeko ephezulu.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokufakelwa kwamakhethini esibhedlele
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokufakelwa kweekhethini zesibhedlele ezilahlwayo kuphucula kakhulu indlela yokusebenza kwiindawo zonyango. Ezi khethini zinokufakwa kwaye zitshintshwe ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amazinga okujika kwegumbi lezigulana.
Izibonelelo zonyango ziyazuza kwizixhobo ezenzelwe ukwenza lula inkqubo yokufakela. Umzekelo, Isixhobo sokubamba ivumela abasebenzi ukuba batshintshiselane ngamakhethini ngaphantsi komzuzu omnye. Esi sixhobo sisusa isidingo seehuku okanye iityathanga, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukongeza, Usetyenziso lokulandelela iKhethini lokuTshintsha Isebenzisa iikhowudi ze-QR ukuze ilandelele imeko yekhethini ngexesha langempela. Oku kuzenzekela kwenza kube lula ukulawula ukuthobela imithetho kunye nokunika ingxelo.
| Isixhobo/Inkqubo | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Isixhobo sokubamba | Inceda ukutshintshiselana kwamakhethini ngaphantsi komzuzu omnye, iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle ngaphandle kwesidingo seehuku okanye iitsheyini. |
| Usetyenziso lokulandelela iKhethini lokuTshintsha | Isebenzisa iikhowudi ze-QR ukuze ilandelele imeko yekhethini ngexesha langempela, ilawule ngokuzenzekelayo ulawulo lokuthobela imithetho kunye nengxelo. |
Isantya kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa okuhambelana namakhethini alahlwayo kuphucula amazinga okujika kwamagumbi. Izibonelelo zinamava okuncipha kwexesha lokungasebenzi kuba akukho mfuneko yokuhlamba impahla okanye ukuphinda zifake impahla. Oku kusebenza kakuhle kwenza kube lula ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwezigulane, ekugqibeleni kuphucula ukunikezelwa konyango ngokubanzi.
| Ubungqina | Ingcaciso |
|---|---|
| Isantya kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa | Amakhethini alahlwayo anokutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ephucula amazinga okujika kwegumbi. |
| Ixesha lokungasebenzi elincitshisiweyo | Isusa isidingo sokuhlamba impahla kunye nokufaka impahla kwakhona, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba izigulane zikhawuleze ukuhamba kwamanzi. |
| Ulawulo oluphuculweyo lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo | Ukuthenga izinto ezininzi kukhokelela ekuncipheni kweendleko kunye nokunqongophala kwezinto ezimbalwa, nto leyo enceda ekusebenzeni kakuhle. |
Ngokwamkela amakhethini esibhedlele angasetyenziswayo, amaziko ezempilo anokuphucula iinkqubo zawo zokufakela, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphuculweni kokhathalelo lwezigulane kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwazo.
Iinketho Zokwenza Ngokwezifiso Amakhethini Esibhedlele
Iindlela zokwenza ngokwezifiso amakhethini esibhedlele angasetyenziswayo ziphucula ukusebenza kunye nobuhle kwiindawo zonyango. Izibhedlele zinokukhetha kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeempawu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zazo ezithile. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokwenza ngokwezifiso ziquka:
- Iipateni Zelaphu: Iinketho ezifana neStormy Weather kunye neBeach Glass zongeza ubuhle obubonakalayo.
- Ubungakanani: Ubukhulu obufumanekayo buquka i-69" wx 84" h kunye ne-69" wx 96" h.
- Imibala kunye neePatheni: Izixhobo zinokukhetha kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zemibala kunye neepateni, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko aluyiphazamisi indlela ebukeka ngayo.
Ukongeza, izibhedlele zinokukhetha iindlela zelaphu ezilwa neentsholongwane okanye ezilungele ukusingqongileyo. Imizila yekhethini elungisekayo inokulungiselela iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zendawo, nto leyo ephucula ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Iindlela zokuhombisa ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kunye nezisombululo zolawulo lwelinen ziphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kwezi khethini.
Ukwakha uphawu kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni ngokwezifiso. Amaziko ezempilo anokufaka iilogo zawo kunye nezinto zokwenza uphawu kwiikhethini. Olu qheliselo luqinisa ubuwena besikhungo ngelixa luphucula ubuhle baso ngokubanzi. Ukwakha uphawu kukwanceda ekwanelisekeni nasekuthuthuzeleni isigulane.
- Indawo yoBuqu: Amakhethini enziwe ngokwezifiso abonelela ngobumfihlo obubalulekileyo ngexesha lonyango.
- Umqobo Wengqondo: Zinciphisa ixhala kunye noxinzelelo ngokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokubona.
- Uququzelelo loNxibelelwano: Amakhethini obumfihlo axhasa unxibelelwano oluvulekileyo phakathi kwezigulana kunye nabanikezeli beenkonzo zempilo.
Indlela ezi khethini ezilahlwa ngayo iphucula ucoceko kunye nolawulo losulelo, nto leyo ebalulekileyo kukhuseleko lwezigulane. Ngokutyala imali kwizinto ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. amakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayo, amaziko ezempilo anokudala indawo eyamkelayo nekhuselekileyo ngakumbi kwizigulane nakubasebenzi ngokufanayo.
Amakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayo amele utyalo-mali olukrelekrele kwizibonelelo zempilo, nto leyo ebeka phambili ucoceko kunye nokonga iindleko. Iingenelo zawo zidlulela ngaphaya kolawulo losulelo, ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemali kunye nokusebenza. Izibhedlele ezisebenzisa la makhethini zihlala zibika ukwehla kwama-30% kumazinga osulelo kunye nokonga okukhulu kweendleko zabasebenzi. Ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamakhethini alahlwayo kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo eziphuculweyo zezigulane kunye nolwaneliseko ngokubanzi.
FAQ
Ziziphi iingenelo eziphambili zokusebenzisa amakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayo?
Amakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayo aphucula ucoceko, anciphisa iingozi zosulelo, kwaye onge ixesha kunye neendleko zomsebenzi xa kuthelekiswa neendlela ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona.
Kufuneka kutshintshwe kangaphi amakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayo?
Izibonelelo zonyango kufuneka zitshintshe iikhethini zesibhedlele ezilahlwayo rhoqo, kungcono emva kokuphuma kwesigulana okanye ubuncinane rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintathu.
Ngaba amakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayo anobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo?
Abanye abavelisi bavelisa amakhethini alahlwayo anobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo enziwe ngezinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe okanye ezinokubola, nto leyo enceda ekunciphiseni impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.
