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Isibhedlele Amakhethini Obumfihlo zichukunyiswa rhoqo, zitshintshwa phantsi koxinzelelo, kwaye zihlala zinganakwa de zibe yingxaki kumaqela okucoca okanye inkxalabo yokuthintela usulelo. Njengoko amaziko elungelelanisa ukuphumelela kwezigulane, ukunciphisa i-HAI, imida yabasebenzi, kunye neenjongo zokuzinza,ukusetyenziswa kanye Amakhethini eCubicle zibonelela ngenye indlela esebenzayo endaweni yempahla ehlanjwe kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo. Ixabiso lazo lixhomekeke kwixabiso elingaphezulu kweyunithi: ubunzima bezinto, isiqinisekiso sokhuseleko lomlilo, amabango eentsholongwane, izixhobo zokufakela, iishedyuli zokutshintsha, kunye nokuphathwa kwenkunkuma konke oku kuchaphazela ukusebenza kunye neendleko. Esi sikhokelo sichaza indlela izibhedlele ezinokuvavanya, zifake, kwaye zigcine iinkqubo zamakhethini alahlwayo zigxile kukhuseleko, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Kutheni Amakhethini Esibhedlele Alahlwayo Ebalulekile
Utshintsho oluvela kwimpahla yokweluka yesintu ukuya kwimpahla yokweluka amakhethini esibhedlele asetyenziswa kanye ibonisa utshintsho oluphawulekayo kulawulo lweziko lezempilo. Njengoko izibhedlele zijongene noxinzelelo olukhulu lokuphucula ukusebenza kwezigulane, ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, kunye nokulawula uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali oluncinci lokusebenza, abalawuli beziko baya becinga ngakumbi ngezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa ukuze kuphuculwe imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nokuxhasa imigaqo yokhuseleko lweklinikhi.
Inkcazo yezonyango kunye namatyala okusetyenziswa
Yenziwe ngokuyintloko nge-polypropylene engalukwanga (iplastiki yohlobo lwesi-5), izithintelo ezilahlwayo ukubonelela ngobumfihlo obukhawulezileyo ngaphandle komthwalo wokuhambisa impahla kwimizi-mveliso. Iinkcukacha eziqhelekileyo zihlala zilinganisa ubunzima bezinto eziphakathi kwe-100 kunye ne-120 grams ngemitha yesikwere (gsm) ukuqinisekisa ukungabonakali okwaneleyo kunye namandla okutsalwa.
Ezi khethini zihlala zifakwa kwiiyunithi zokhathalelo oluphezulu (ii-ICU), kumasebe ongxamiseko, nakwiindawo zokwahlukaniswa, apho kufuneka kungene igumbi ngokukhawuleza. Imo yokungathandi amanzi ye-polypropylene engalukwanga igxotha ulwelo lomzimba, ikhusela abasebenzi ngexesha leenkqubo zokuvelisa i-aerosol. Nangona kunjalo, izibonelelo kufuneka zilinganisele iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo: amakhethini ezonyango e-polypropylene azisoloko ziphinda zisetyenziswe kwimijelo yenkunkuma eqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukutshintshela kwiindlela zokusetyenziswa kube kanye kunokunyusa kakhulu umthamo wenkunkuma iyonke yesakhiwo ukuba iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe azifumaneki. Kwiindawo ezinobunzima obuphantsi okanye kwizibonelelo ezineziseko zokuhlamba impahla ezisebenzayo nezizinzileyo, amakhethini emveli angasetyenziswa kwakhona asenokuba ngcono ukunciphisa inkunkuma yeplastiki kunye neendleko zokuthenga eziqhubekayo.
Ulawulo Losulelo kunye Nabaqhubi Bezorhwebo
Umqhubi oyintloko wokwamkela izisombululo zobumfihlo ezilahlwayo kukunciphisa usulelo olunxulumene nokhathalelo lwempilo (ii-HAI). Iintsholongwane ezifana I-Clostridioides difficile kunye nokuxhathisa iMethicillin I-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ingaphila kwiimpahla zemveli ixesha elide. Ngokusebenzisa amakhethini esibhedlele ukuze kukhuseleke isigulane, izakhiwo zinokunciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nokuhlamba impahla okungaphelelanga kunye nokuthuthwa kweelinen ezingcolileyo.
Ngokwezimali, utshintsho lutshintsha iindleko ukusuka ekuhlanjweni rhoqo ukuya ekuthengweni okuqhubekayo kunye nokulahla inkunkuma. Nangona iihoko zokulayisha ngokukhawuleza zinokunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kokucoca i-terminal kunye nokonga abasebenzi, abalawuli beenkonzo kufuneka bahlole ngononophelo ezi zinto ziguquguqukayo. Iindlela zokusetyenziswa kanye azinciphisi ngokuzenzekelayo iindleko zizonke zobunini xa kuthelekiswa nempahla ephinda isetyenziswe.
Indlela yokuthelekisa amakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayo
Ukukhetha inkqubo yokwahlulahlula efanelekileyo kufuna uvavanyo lwesayensi yezinto eziphathekayo, ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kunye neendleko zomjikelo wobomi. Amaqela okuthenga kufuneka ajonge ngaphaya kwamaxabiso eeyunithi zokuqala ukuze ahlole ixabiso elipheleleyo, impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, kunye neprofayili yokhuseleko lwemveliso.
Imigaqo yoKhuseleko loMlilo, iLaphu, kunye neMigqaliselo yoKhuseleko loMlilo
Ngokuxhomekeke kwimigaqo yesithili, amakhethini ezonyango kufuneka balandele imigangatho ethile yokhuseleko lomlilo, efana nokupasa uvavanyo lwe-NFPA 701 okanye lwe-BS 5867 Icandelo 2 lohlobo C lokutsha. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ezi ziqinisekiso, njengoko ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kuyahluka kakhulu ngokwengingqi kunye nemveliso. Abathengi kufuneka bahlale becela iingxelo zovavanyo ezizimeleyo, zomntu wesithathu endaweni yokucinga ukuba ziyathotyelwa yiyo yonke into. Ngokungafaniyo namalaphu emveli anokulahlekelwa ziimpawu ezithintela umlilo emva kokuhlamba ngokuphindaphindiweyo, iindlela zokwenziwa ezisemgangathweni zihlala ziphathwa ngexesha lokukhupha ukuze kugcinwe ukumelana nomlilo okungapheliyo.
Ukongeza, ezinye iindlela ziquka iteknoloji yokubulala iintsholongwane, njengonyango lwe-silver-ion, oluyilelwe ukunciphisa umthwalo weentsholongwane. Okubaluleke kakhulu, olu nyango aluthathi indawo yokutshintsha okucwangcisiweyo okanye ukubulala iintsholongwane kumphezulu rhoqo. Abathengi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba naziphi na izibango zokusebenza zixhaswa yidatha ethile yemveliso kwaye ziyahambelana ne-EPA okanye iimfuno zobhaliso zengingqi ezifanayo.
Uluhlu Lokujonga Ukuthelekiswa Kokuthengwa Kwezibhedlele
Ukuze izigqibo zokuthenga zibe semgangathweni, iikomiti zokuthenga kufuneka zisebenzise imatriki yokuthelekisa evavanya imilinganiselo yokusebenza ngokuchasene neendlela zemveli zokuthunga. Olu luhlu lulandelayo lubonisa umahluko onokubakho kulawulo lomjikelo wobomi kunye nokwabiwa kwezixhobo, nangona amanani achanekileyo aya kwahluka ngokwezixhobo kunye nemveliso.
| Imilinganiselo yoThengo | Amakhethini eLaphu leMveli | Amakhethini Angalukwanga Alahlwayo |
|---|---|---|
| Ixesha Eliqhelekileyo Lokutshintsha | Ngokubanzi ixesha elide (lifuna ukususwa kwengoma) | Rhoqo ngokukhawuleza (iihuku ezithwala umthwalo okhawulezileyo) |
| Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-Antimicrobial | Ingonakalisa emva kokuhlamba izihlandlo ezininzi | Kuxhomekeke kunyango oluthile lwemveliso |
| Ukuthintela umlilo | Kusenokufuneka ubuyele umva rhoqo | Ihlala ihleli ubomi bemveliso |
| Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye neekhemikhali | Ifuna izixhobo zokuhlamba impahla | Ifuna ulawulo lokulahla/lokusebenzisa kwakhona |
| Indlela yokulandelela | Iitships zeRFID okanye iilog zokuhlamba impahla ngesandla | Iilebheli zokuhlolwa komhla obonakalayo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi (kwezinye iimodeli) |
Ngokuhlola ezi parameters, abalawuli beenkonzo banokuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo iindleko zizonke zobunini. Izibonelelo kufuneka zilinganisele iindleko zokuqala eziphezulu kunye neendleko zokuhlamba iikhethini zendabuko ngokumalunga neemfuno zokuthenga eziqhubekayo kunye nolawulo lwenkunkuma. iindlela ezingasetyenziswayo.
Ukufakela kunye nokulungisa Iindlela ezilungileyo zoKwenza
Impumelelo yokusebenza kwe izahlulo ezilahlwayo Ixhomekeke kakhulu kwiindlela zokufakela ezisemgangathweni kunye nokulungelelaniswa okungenamthungo phakathi kweenkonzo zokusingqongileyo (EVS) kunye namasebe okuthintela usulelo. Ukuseka imisebenzi ecacileyo nephindaphindwayo kuqinisekisa ukuba iingenelo zeklinikhi zemveliso ziyafezekiswa ngokupheleleyo.
Imigangatho Yokufakela Ngokukhawulezileyo Yamaqela Ezixhobo
Uninzi lwanamhlanje amakhethini obumfihlo esibhedlele zenzelwe ukuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza, kusetyenziswa ii-glide hook okanye iinkqubo ze-U-hook ezenzelwe ukudibana neziseko zophuhliso zendlela yophahla ezikhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, ii-hook "eziqhelekileyo" zisenokungalungelani nazo zonke iinkqubo zendlela, kwaye ezinye iikhethini ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona zibonelela ngezixhobo zokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza; ngoko ke, uhlolo olupheleleyo lwendlela kufuneka luqale ngaphambi kokuthenga. Amaqela ezibonelelo kufuneka aqeqeshe abasebenzi be-EVS kwisikhokelo esilandelayo senyathelo nenyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa ngokufanelekileyo:
- Hlola: Qinisekisa uzinzo lwendlela kwaye uqinisekise ukuba uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwehaki lukhethiwe kwireyile ekhoyo.
- Lungelelanisa: Khulula ikhethini uze ulungelelanise ii-quick-load hooks nendawo yokufaka ithrekhi.
- Intaba: Slayida iihoko kwitreyi ngokulandelelana, uqinisekise ukuba ikhethini ityibilika kakuhle ngaphandle kokubamba.
- Qinisekisa: Qinisekisa ukuba ikhethini ivula umgangatho ukuze kuthintelwe iingozi zokukhubeka ngelixa ibonelela ngenkonzo epheleleyo yobumfihlo kumguli.
Ngaphantsi kweenkqubo ezilungisiweyo, iingcali zinokuthatha indawo amakhethini angcolisiweyo ngokukhawuleza. Olu buchule bokutshintsha indawo buluncedo kakhulu ngexesha lokwanda kwemvula ebusika okanye kwiimeko zobhubhane, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukufumaneka kweebhedi akulibaziseki ngenxa yokugcinwa kwemiqobo yobumfihlo.
Ulungelelwaniso lokuthengwa kunye nokuthintela usulelo
Ulawulo olusebenzayo lomjikelo wobomi lufuna ulungelelwaniso oluqinileyo phakathi kwabaphathi beenkonzo kunye neengcali zolawulo losulelo. Izibonelelo kufuneka zisebenzise iishedyuli ezingqongqo zokutshintshwa ngokusekelwe kubuchule bewadi, amazinga okutshintsha kwezigulane, kunye nezikhokelo zomenzi. Umzekelo, amakhethini asetyenziswa kanye kwiikliniki nakwiiwadi ngokubanzi iindawo zezigulane ezilaliswayo zihlala zicwangciselwe ukutshintshwa rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, ngelixa ezo zifakwa kwiindawo zokutsha, iiwadi ze-oncology, okanye amagumbi okugcina abantu abagulayo ngenxa yokudibana nabantu zidla ngokufuna ukulahlwa ngokukhawuleza xa isigulane siphuma.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ezi nkqubo ziyasebenza, amaqela olondolozo angasebenzisa iilebheli zophicotho ezidityanisiweyo eziprintiweyo kwiintloko ezininzi zekhethini.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
- Khetha amakhethini e-polypropylene angalukwanga ajikeleze i-100–120 gsm xa i-opacity, amandla, kunye nokufakwa ngokukhawuleza kufuneka kwiindawo zonyango.
- Beka phambili amakhethini angasetyenziswayo kwii-ICU, kumasebe angxamisekileyo, nakwiiwadi zokwahlukanisa apho ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nolawulo longcoliseko zizinto eziphambili ekusebenzeni.
- Cela iingxelo zovavanyo lokhuseleko lomlilo ezizimeleyo, ezifana nokuthobela i-NFPA 701 okanye i-BS 5867, ngaphambi kokuba uvume nayiphi na imveliso yekhethini esetyenziselwa esibhedlele.
- Phatha amabango okubulala iintsholongwane njengesongezelelo kwiindlela zokulawula usulelo, kungekhona indawo yotshintsho olucwangcisiweyo lwekhethini kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kumphezulu.
- Bala iindleko zizonke zobunini ngokubandakanya ukuthenga, ukonga abasebenzi, ukuphepha ukuhlamba impahla, ukugcina, ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma, kunye nempembelelo yokusingqongileyo.
- Hlola iindlela zokulahla okanye zokusebenzisa izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kwindawo ohlala kuyo ngaphambi kokuba zisetyenziswe ngobuninzi kuba amakhethini e-polypropylene anokunyusa ubungakanani benkunkuma yezonyango.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Zenziwa ngantoni iikhethini zesibhedlele ezilahlwayo?
Uninzi lwenziwe nge-polypropylene engalukwanga, edla ngokuba malunga ne-100–120 gsm, ukuze ibonelele ubumfihlo, i-opacity, kunye namandla aneleyo okutsalwa ukuze isetyenziswe eklinikhi.
Ziphi iikhethini zobumfihlo ezingasetyenziswayo eziluncedo kakhulu?
Ziluncedo kakhulu kwiindawo zoogqirha abagula kakhulu, kumasebe angxamisekileyo, kwiindawo zokwahlukaniswa, nakwezinye iindawo apho utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwamagumbi kunye nolawulo longcoliseko lubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngaba amakhethini alahlwayo ayanceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wokosuleleka?
Banokuxhasa iinkqubo zokulawula usulelo ngokuphelisa izithuba zokuhlamba impahla kunye nokunciphisa ukudibana neempahla ezingcolileyo, ingakumbi apho iintsholongwane ezifana ne-MRSA okanye i-C. difficile zixhalabisayo.
Ngaba iikhethini ezisetyenziswa xa zisetyenziswa ekulweni neentsholongwane azinazo iintsholongwane?
Hayi. Unyango lwe-antimicrobial lunokunciphisa umthwalo weentsholongwane, kodwa aluthathi indawo yokutshintshwa okucwangcisiweyo, ukucoca rhoqo, okanye iinkqubo zokulawula usulelo ezibhaliweyo.
Yeyiphi imigangatho yokhuseleko lomlilo ekufuneka izibhedlele ziyijonge?
Izibonelelo kufuneka zicele iingxelo zovavanyo lomntu wesithathu ngemigangatho efanelekileyo efana ne-NFPA 701 okanye i-BS 5867 Icandelo 2 Uhlobo C, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zengingqi.
