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Ukulinganisela Iindleko kunye noKhuseleko: Kutheni Izibhedlele Ezingakumbi Zitshintshela Kwiikhethini Ezilahlwayo
Izifo ezinxulumene nokhathalelo lwempilo (ii-HAI) ziyingozi enkulu kwizibhedlele. Unyaka ngamnye, malunga nezigidi ezi-4.8 zee-HAI zenzeka kwizibhedlele ezinyamekela abantu abagula kakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kumazwe anengeniso ephezulu, malunga nezigulana ezi-7 kwezili-100 zifumana ubuncinane i-HAI enye ngexesha lokuhlala kwazo. Ezi zifo zikhokelela kwiindleko zonyaka ezithe ngqo zokunyanga ii-HAI eziqala kwi-$28.4 yeebhiliyoni ukuya kwi-$45 yeebhiliyoni eMelika. Ngenxa yoko, izibhedlele ziyanda ukusebenzisa ezi zifo. amakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayo kwaye amakhethini eekhabhinethi zesibhedlele ukuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokunciphisa iindleko. Ukusetyenziswa kwe amakhethini eekhabhinethi alahlwayokwaye amakhethini esitayile sesibhedlele aya exhaphaka ngakumbi, njengoko enceda ekugcineni imeko-bume icocekile. Ukongeza, Amakhethini Ezonyango zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni usulelo, nto leyo ezenza zibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekulweni ne-HAIs.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
- Amakhethini alahlwayo anciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wosulelo olunxulumene nempilo (ii-HAI) ngokubonelela ngesisombululo esicocekileyo nesisetyenziswa kanye.
- Ukutshintshela kwi Ikhethini elilahlwayos ingakhokelela ekubeniukonga okukhulu kwexesha elide kwizibhedlele ngokuphelisa iindleko zokulungisa eziqhubekayo ezinxulumene namakhethini elaphu lendabuko.
- Izibhedlele zinokuphucula ukhuseleko lwezigulane kunye nokuthobela imithetho yezempilo ngokutshintsha rhoqo amakhethini angasetyenziswayo, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu njengeeyunithi zokhathalelo oluphezulu.
Ukuqonda iiNtsholongwane eziNxulumene nezeMpilo (ii-HAI)
Impembelelo ye-HAIs kuKhuseleko lweSigulana
Izifo ezinxulumene nokhathalelo lwempilo (ii-HAI) zibeka emngciphekweni kakhulu ukhuseleko lwezigulana. Ezi zifo zinokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu, ukuhlala ixesha elide esibhedlele, kunye nokwanda kwamanani okufa. IZiko loLawulo lweZifo kunye nokuThintela (i-CDC) libika ukuba phantse i-1.7 yezigidi zezigulana ezibhedlele zifumana ii-HAI minyaka le, kwaye ngaphezulu kwama-98,000 ezi zigulana ziyafa ngenxa yezifo zazo.
Iindidi eziqhelekileyo ze-HAI ziquka:
- Usulelo lwendlela yomchamo olunxulumene ne-catheter (CAUTI)
- Usulelo lwegazi olunxulumene nomgca ophakathi (CLABSI)
- Usulelo lweClostridioides difficile (C. diff)
- Usulelo lwegazi oluxhathisa iMethicillin Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
- Usulelo kwindawo yotyando (SSI)
Ukubakho kwezi zifo kunokukhokelela ekwandeni kwexesha lokuhlala ezibhedlele. Umzekelo, izigulana ezikwiiyunithi zokhathalelo oluphezulu (ii-ICU) zihlala zifumana ukwanda kwenani lee-HAI, apho malunga ne-30% yazo ichaphazeleka. Le meko ayichaphazeli nje kuphela ukuchacha kwesigulana kodwa ikwabeka uxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo kwizibonelelo zonyango.
Umthwalo Wezezimali Wee-HAIs Kwizibhedlele
Iimpembelelo zemali ze-HAI ziyamangalisa. Iindleko zonyango ezithe ngqo zonyaka ezinxulumene nokunyanga ezi zifo kwizibhedlele zase-US ziqala kwi-$28.4 yeebhiliyoni ukuya kwi-$33.8 yeebhiliyoni. Iindleko ezilungisiweyo zinokunyuka ziye kuthi ga kwi-$45 yeebhiliyoni, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
Umthwalo wemali uvela kwizinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo:
- Iindleko zamathuba zivela ngenxa yokuhlala ixesha elide kwesigulana ngenxa yosulelo lwe-nosocomial.
- Ukuvalelwa kweebhedi ngenxa yokuhlala ixesha elide okanye ukuhlala wedwa kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni yimali engenayo njengoko izigulane ezintsha zingenakwamkelwa.
Ngaphezu koko, iingenelo ezinokubakho zokungenelela okusebenzayo kokulawula usulelo zingaqala kwi-$5.7 yeebhiliyoni ukuya kwi-$31.5 yeebhiliyoni. Oku kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokutyala imali kumanyathelo okuthintela, njengokwamkelwa kwe amakhethini esitayile sesibhedlele alahlwayo, nto leyo enokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-HAIs kwaye ekugqibeleni inciphise iindleko.
Iimpawu zamakhethini alahlwayo
Inkcazo kunye noBumbeko
Amakhethini alahlwayo asebenza njengezikrini zobumfihlo zexeshana kwiindawo zonyango. Zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kube kanye, ukuqinisekisa imeko-bume ecocekileyo kwizigulane. Ngokwesiqhelo, la makhethini aquka izinto ezibeka phambili ucoceko nokuqina. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
| Uhlobo lwezinto | Iimbonakalo |
|---|---|
| I-polypropylene engalukwanga | Unyango olusetyenziswa kwakhona oluyi-100%, olulwa neentsholongwane |
| Amalaphu e-polyester | Iipropati ezithintela ilangatye |
| I-polypropylene engalukwanga eyi-100 gsm | Ukuqina |
Ezi zinto zinegalelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwamakhethini alahlwayo ekuthinteleni ukusasazeka kwezifo.
Iingenelo ngaphezu kwamakhethini eSibhedlele seMveli
Amakhethini alahlwayo anika iingenelo ezininzi xa kuthelekiswa namakhethini esiqhelo asesibhedlele. Iingenelo eziphambili ziquka:
- Isisombululo Esisetyenziswa Kanye, Esicocekileyo: Ikhethini nganye isetyenziswa kube kanye ize ilahlwe, nto leyo ethintela ukuqokelelwa kweebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane.
- Umngcipheko Oncitshisiweyo Wokungcoliswa Kwamanye Amazwe: Isigulana ngasinye sifumana isikrini esitsha, esingangcoliswanga, esinciphisa ukuvezwa kwiintsholongwane.
- Ukulungela kunye nokusebenza kakuhleAkukho mfuneko yokulungiswa, okuvumela ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokugcinwa kococeko.
- Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko: Zinciphisa iindleko eziqhubekayo ezinxulumene nokuhlamba nokulungisa amakhethini amalaphu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekongeni imali ixesha elide.
- Ukuthobela uLawulo loSulelo: Amakhethini alahlwayo ahlangabezana nemigangatho yococeko ephezulu, enceda ekugcineni imvume yesibhedlele kunye nokuphepha izohlwayo.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amakhethini esiqhelo esibhedlele anokuba neentsholongwane ezinkulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho utshintsho oluqhubekayo. Lo mahluko ugxininisa ukubaluleka kokukhetha iindlela ezingasetyenziswayo ukuze kulawulwe usulelo ngakumbi.
Iingenelo zoLawulo losulelo lweeKheteni ezilahlwayo
Ukunciphisa iingozi zokungcoliswa kwezinto ezidityanisiweyo
Amakhethini alahlwayo adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni iingozi zokungcoliswa kwiindawo zonyango. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ikhethini yesibhedleleIphakathi kwezona ndawo zichukunyiswa rhoqo kumagumbi ezigulana. Oku kudibana rhoqo kunokukhokelela ekuqokeleleni kweentsholongwane eziyingozi. Ngokusebenzisa amakhethini alahlwayo, izibhedlele zinokuphelisa ngempumelelo iintsholongwane ezinokuhlala elaphini.
La manqaku alandelayo agxininisa iingenelo zokulawula usulelo amakhethini angasetyenziswayo:
- Ukususwa kweentsholongwane: Ikhethini nganye elahlwayo itshintshwa ngokupheleleyo emva kokusetyenziswa, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba iintsholongwane zisinde kwilaphu.
- Ukutshintshwa rhoqo: Izibhedlele kufuneka zitshintshe amakhethini alahlwayo rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6, okanye rhoqo ukuba abonakala engcolile. Kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu, ezifana neeyunithi zokhathalelo oluphezulu, utshintsho oluqhubekayo lubalulekile ukugcina indawo ikhuselekile.
- Ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo: Ukutshintshiselana rhoqo ngamakhethini alahlwayo kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wongcoliseko oluhambelanayo, nto leyo ephucula ukhuseleko kwizigulane nakubasebenzi.
Uphononongo lufumanise ukuba amakhethini e-polyethylene asetyenziswa kanye anokunciphisa ukungcoliswa okuhambahambayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40%. Olu lwazi lugxininisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamakhethini alahlwayo ekulawuleni usulelo.
Ukuthobela iMimiselo yezeMpilo
Izibhedlele mazilandele imigaqo engqongqo yezempilo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezigulane. Amakhethini alahlwayo anceda kakhulu ekuthobeleni le migangatho. Uyilo lwawo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwawo kuhambelana neenkqubo zokulawula usulelo ezimiselwe ziiarhente ezilawulayo.
Amanqaku aphambili malunga nokuthobela imithetho aquka:
- Ilungele Iindawo Ezinobungozi Obuphezulu: Amakhethini alahlwayo aluncedo kakhulu kwiindawo zotyando nakwiindawo zokhathalelo oluphezulu, apho umngcipheko wosulelo uyanda khona.
- Ukuncitshiswa kweendleko zokusebenza: Indlela ezi khethini ezilahlwa ngayo isusa isidingo sokuhlanjwa, nto leyo enciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kunye nomngcipheko wosulelo oluhambelana nokuphatha amalaphu angcolileyo.
- Ukuhlangabezana neMigangatho yoCocekoIzibhedlele ezisebenzisa amakhethini alahlwayo zinokuhlangabezana ngcono nemigangatho yococeko, ngaloo ndlela ziphephe izohlwayo ezinokubakho kwaye zigcine imvume.
Ukusebenziseka kakuhle kweendleko zamakhethini alahlwayo
Utyalo-mali Lokuqala vs. Ugcino Lwexesha Elide
Xa izibhedlele zicinga ngokutshintshela kwiikhethini ezilahlwayo, zihlala zilinganisa utyalo-mali lokuqala ngokuthelekisa nokonga okunokwenzeka kwexesha elide. Iindleko zokuqala zeekhethini ezilahlwayo zihlala ziphantsi xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zelaphu zemveli. Le theyibhile ilandelayo ibonisa oku uthelekiso lweendleko:
| Uhlobo lweKheteni | Ixabiso lokuqala ngebhedi nganye | Iindleko zoLondolozo |
|---|---|---|
| Amakhethini alahlwayo | Ezantsi | Akukho (kususiwe) |
| Amakhethini elaphu | Phezulu | Iyaqhubeka (ukuhlamba impahla kunye nokulungisa) |
Ngokukhetha amakhethini angasetyenziswayo, izibhedlele ziyayisusa iindleko zokulungisa eziqhubekayo ezinxulumene nokuhlanjwa kwempahla kunye nokulungiswa. Olu tshintsho alunciphisi nje iindleko ezikhawulezileyo kodwa lukwanegalelo ekongeni imali eninzi ixesha elide.
Izibhedlele ezitshintshele kwizisombululo ezilahlwayo zixela iingenelo ezinkulu zemali. Umzekelo, zifumana utshintsho oluncinci olufikelela kuma-50% kumakhethini, nto leyo egcina ixesha kwaye inciphisa amathuba okwenzakala phakathi kwabasebenzi abaphatha amakhethini amalaphu anzima. Ukongeza, ukususwa kweendleko zokuhlamba impahla kunye nabasebenzi kukhokelela ekongeni okukhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Amakhethini alahlwayo anokuhlala iminyaka emibini, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu utshintsho oluphindaphindeneyo kunye neendleko ezinxulumene noko. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amakhethini esiqhelo esibhedlele adla ngokufuna utshintsho kane ngonyaka, ishedyuli yezibonelelo ezininzi kunzima ukuyigcina ngenxa yemida yabasebenzi kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
Uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lweZisombululo eziLahlwayo
Ukucwangcisa imali yamakhethini angasetyenziswayo kubandakanya ukuqonda iindleko zangaphambili kunye nemiphumo yezemali yexesha elide. Izibhedlele kufuneka ziqwalasele ezi zinto zilandelayo xa zicwangcisa uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwazo:
- Iindleko Zokuqala Zokuthenga: Beka imali yokuthenga amakhethini asetyenziswa xa elahlwa. Eli xabiso lidla ngokuba liphantsi kunelo lamakhethini elaphu.
- Ukuphindaphinda kokutshintshwaCwangcisa imijikelo yokutshintshwa rhoqo. Izibhedlele kufuneka zitshintshe amakhethini alahlwayo rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6, kuxhomekeke kwindlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo.
- Izaphulelo zabasebenzi: Cinga ngokunciphisa iindleko zomsebenzi ezinxulumene nokuhlamba impahla kunye nokulungisa amakhethini amalaphu. Oku kunokukhulula izixhobo kwezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo esibhedlele.
- Iindleko zokuthobela imithetho: Cinga ngokonga okunokwenzeka ekuphepheni izohlwayo ezinxulumene nokungathobeli imithetho yezempilo. Amakhethini alahlwayo anceda ekulondolozeni imigangatho ephezulu yococeko, ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-HAIs.
Ngokuhlalutya ngononophelo ezi zinto, izibhedlele zinokwenza uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali olubonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweekhethini ezilahlwayo ngelixa ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezigulane kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yezempilo.
Iinketho zoFakelo kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso
Inkqubo yoFakelo olula
Ukufaka amakhethini alahlwayo ezibhedlele yinkqubo elula enciphisa ukuphazamiseka. Inkqubo yoKhululwa ngokukhawuleza enelungelo lobunikazi ivumela ukutshintsha amakhethini ngokukhawuleza, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Amanyathelo okufakela aquka:
| Inyathelo | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| 1 | Sebenzisa inkqubo ye-Quick Release enelungelo lobunikazi ukuze kube lula ukutshintsha amakhethini. |
| 2 | Qinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yekhethini iyahambelana neetrekhi ezikhoyo. |
| 3 | Khetha uhlobo lwekhethini olufanelekileyo (Inokulahlwa, Inokuphinde isetyenziswe, okanye Ukusetyenziswa Okwandisiweyo). |
| 4 | Lungisa inkqubo ukuze ilungele ukuphakama kwesilingi ukusuka kwiimitha ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-10. |
| 5 | Yenza utshintsho lwekhethini ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana engama-30 usebenzisa abasebenzi abambalwa. |
| 6 | Akukho zixhobo okanye iileli ezifunekayo ukuze kufakelwe. |
Ukutshintshela kwi amakhethini alahlwayo kusindisa ixesha lezibhedlele kunye neendleko zomsebenzi ngokufakela ngokukhawuleza kunye nokugcinwa okuncinci. Ixesha lokutshintshiselana ngamakhethini liyehla ukusuka kwimizuzu engama-45 kwigumbi ukuya ngaphantsi kwemizuzu emi-2, nto leyo esusa imfuneko yeeleli okanye izixhobo ezikhethekileyo.
Ukulungisa Iimfuno Zesibhedlele
Iinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso Amakhethini alahlwayo avumela izibhedlele ukuba zihlangabezane neemfuno ezithile. Izibonelelo zinokukhetha kwiipateni kunye nemibala eyahlukeneyo engaphezu kwama-40, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amakhethini ahambelana neemfuno zawo zobuhle kunye nokusebenza.
| Uphawu lokwenza ngokwezifiso | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Iingqokelela zeLaphu | Kukho iipateni kunye nemibala eyahlukeneyo engaphezu kwama-40. |
| Amandla oYilo | Uyilo olwenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeziko lezonyango. |
| Unyango lwe-Antimicrobial | I-Impact Technology® yokukhusela iintsholongwane ezibanzi. |
| Ulawulo lwempahla | Uhlelo lokusebenza lweCubeControl® lokulandelela impahla ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuthobela imithetho. |
| Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kobugcisa | Ukhetho lokubonelela ngemizobo yakho okanye ukusebenzisana neqela loyilo. |
Ezinye izinto ziquka izifakelo zekhethini ezicacileyo ezinokungacaci kakuhle ukuze zijongwe izigulana ngelixa zigcina ubumfihlo bazo. Izibhedlele zinokukhetha amalaphu afakwe ubhedu asusa i-99.9% yeStaphylococcus aureus kwimizuzu engama-30. Ezi ndlela zokwenza ngokwezifiso ziphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwazo, ziqinisekisa ukuba izibhedlele zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zazo ezizodwa ngempumelelo.
Amakhethini alahlwayo aphucula ukhuseleko kwaye anciphisa iindleko kwiindawo zonyango. Abaphathi bezibhedlele bayazazi iingenelo zabo zococeko, ezenza kube lula ukusebenza kwaye zinciphise ixesha lokucoca. Iingcali zokulawula usulelo zicebisa la makhethini ukuze kube lula kuwo, ukuthobela izikhokelo, kunye nokukwazi ukugcina indawo engcolileyo. Izibhedlele kufuneka ziqwalasele olu tshintsho ukuze zifumane iziphumo ezingcono kwizigulana.
FAQ
Zenziwe ngantoni iikhethini ezingasetyenziswayo?
Amakhethini alahlwayo Ngokwesiqhelo iquka amalaphu e-polypropylene okanye e-polyester angalukwanga, enzelwe ukusetyenziswa kanye kunye nococeko oluphuculweyo.
Zingaphi izihlandlo apho izibhedlele kufuneka zitshintshe amakhethini asetyenziswayo?
Izibhedlele kufuneka zitshintshe amakhethini alahlwayo rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6, okanye rhoqo kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu njengeeyunithi zokhathalelo lwabagula kakhulu.
Ngaba amakhethini asetyenziswa xa elahlwa abiza kancinci?
Ewe, amakhethini alahlwayo anciphisa iindleko zokugcinwa rhoqo kwaye abonelela ngokonga okukhulu ixesha elide xa kuthelekiswa namakhethini elaphu emveli.
