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Ukuchitheka kube kanye kusenokungabonakali ngathi sisigqibo sokusingqongileyo, kodwa xa kuphindaphindwa amaxesha amaninzi ngonyaka, ukhetho phakathi kwephepha elilahlwayo kunye neengubo zokucoca eziphinda zisetyenziswe luyanda. Ilaphu LesityaIi-s zibe yindlela efanelekileyo yokulinganisa iikhitshi ezingasebenzisi inkunkuma eninzi kuba zidibanisa ukufunxwa kwe-cellulose, amandla omqhaphu, kunye nokulahla umgquba ekupheleni kobomi. Iitawuli zephepha zisenendawo yokulahla ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo okanye ezinobungozi, kodwa imodeli yazo yokusetyenziswa kanye idala uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo ngokusebenzisa izixhobo, inkunkuma yendawo yokulahla inkunkuma, kunye neendleko zokutshintsha. Olu thelekiso lujonga indlela ezi ndlela zimbini ezahluke ngayo ekuqineni, ukufunxwa, ukufunxwa komgquba, kunye nokusebenza kwemihla ngemihla ukuze amakhaya kunye namashishini akhethe isixhobo esifanelekileyo seendawo ezicocekileyo ezinenkunkuma encinci.
Kutheni iilaphu zesidlo saseSweden ziyimpawu yokuzinza
Utshintsho oluya kwimikhwa ezinzileyo emakhaya nakwiishishini luye lwabangela ukuba kuhlolwe kwakhona izixhobo zokucoca zemihla ngemihla. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, iimveliso zephepha ezisetyenziswa kanye kuphela zilawula ukucocwa komphezulu ngenxa yokuba zilula. Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi olukhulayo malunga nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nenkunkuma yeendawo zokulahla inkunkuma luye lwabangela imfuno yezinye iindlela ezihlala ixesha elide nezikhathalela indalo.
Kule meko, Ilaphu lesitya lesiponji saseSweden iye yavela njengokhetho oludumileyo oluzinzileyo. Ngokudibanisa ukufunxa kwesiponji sendabuko kunye nokuguquguquka kwetawuli elukiweyo, le mveliso ijongana nemisebenzi yokucoca enzima ngelixa ihlangabezana neenjongo zokusingqongileyo. Uyilo lubonisa indlela izinto ezilula, ezenziwe ngokwemvelo ezinokubonelela ngayo ngenye indlela esebenzayo nehlala ixesha elide kuneemveliso ezilahlwayo.
Yintoni iLaphu leSitya saseSweden?
Yasungulwa ngo-1949 yinjineli yaseSweden, ilaphu lesidlo saseSweden lendabuko Ngokwesiqhelo iqulathe i-70% ye-pulp yomthi (i-cellulose) kunye ne-30% yekotoni. Lo mxube udala isakhiwo esineembobo ezininzi esinokufunxa ulwelo oluninzi kakhulu kuneetawuli eziqhelekileyo—ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba zinobunzima obuphindwe kangangama-20. Ngenxa yokuba ayinazo iiplastiki ezisekelwe kwi-petroleum, isebenza njengesixhobo esomeleleyo ilaphu lesiponji lasekhitshini elingasetyenziswa kwakhona engakrazukiyo nokuba igcwele ngokupheleleyo.
Ngaphaya kokuqina kwayo, le nto iyakwazi ukugquma ekupheleni kobomi bayo bokusetyenziswa. Kwindawo yokwenza umgquba kwishishini, ilaphu lidla ngokuqhekeka kwiiveki ezimbalwa (ngesiqhelo kwiiveki ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8). Oku kuqhekeka kwendalo kuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ayishiyi ntsalela yeplastiki emhlabeni, ihambelana kakuhle nemizamo yokungachithi nkunkuma.
Kutheni iiTawuli zePhepha Zidala Uxinzelelo Lokuzinza
Ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kwiitawuli zephepha kubeka uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo kwizixhobo zendalo. Uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba eMelika kuphela, iibhiliyoni zeekhilogram zeetawuli zephepha ziyalahlwa minyaka le. Ngenxa yokuba ezi tawuli zihlala zingcoliswa kukutya okulahliweyo, igrisi, okanye iikhemikhali zokucoca, azinakuphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye zithunyelwa ngqo kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma.
Indlela esetyenziswa ngayo iphepha elilahlwayo nayo inzima. Ukuvelisa iroll eqhelekileyo yeetawuli zephepha kufuna amanzi amaninzi acocekileyo—adla ngokuqikelelwa ukuya kuthi ga kwiigaloni ezili-17—kunye namandla afunekayo ukucola iinkuni, iifayibha ze-bleach, kunye nokuthutha imveliso yokugqibela. Njengoko ezi zinto zisetyenziswa kanye zibola phantsi kweengqimba zenkunkuma kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, zikhupha i-methane. Ngelixa iitawuli zephepha zihlala ziyimfuneko kwimisebenzi ethile—njengokucoca iijusi zenyama eluhlaza, ukuchitheka okunetyhefu, okanye inkunkuma yezonyango—imodeli yazo ethe ngqo "yokulahla inkunkuma" yenza ukuba zingalungelanga ukucoca umphezulu wemihla ngemihla, obuninzi.
Iingubo zeSitya zaseSweden vs. Iithawula zePhepha
Ukuvavanya impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye noqoqosho lwezinto zokucoca kufuna ukujonga ngaphaya kwexabiso lokuqala lokuthenga. Uthelekiso oluthe ngqo phakathi iimveliso ze-cellulose ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye iphepha elisetyenziswa kanye lityhila umahluko ocacileyo kwimpilo ende, ukusebenza, kunye neendleko zexesha elide.
Amanqaku aPhambili okuthelekisa
Ukuze baqonde umahluko osebenzayo, abathengi kufuneka balinganise iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Le theyibhile ilandelayo ichaza umahluko ophambili phakathi komgangatho ilaphu lesitya elibolayo kunye neetawuli zephepha eziqhelekileyo ezinamaphepha amabini.
| I-Metric | Ilaphu lesitya saseSweden | Ithawula lePhepha eliqhelekileyo |
|---|---|---|
| Ubude bobomi obuqhelekileyo | Iinyanga ezimbalwa (ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezingama-200 zokuhlamba) | Ukusetyenziswa kube kanye |
| Amandla okufunxa | Ubunzima bayo obungadluli kwi-20x | Ubunzima bayo obungu-2x ukuya ku-3x |
| Ukuphela koBomi | Ingagqunywa | Indawo yokulahla inkunkuma |
| Iindleko Zonyaka Eziqikelelweyo | Ixabiso eliphantsi eliphindaphindayo | Iindleko eziphindaphindayo eziphezulu |
Olu thelekiso lubonisa ukuba ngelixa ixabiso elingaphambili le- ilaphu elinokusetyenziswa kwakhona iphezulu ngeyunithi nganye, isidingo sokutshintshwa rhoqo siyehla kakhulu. Kubasebenzisi abanzima, nokuba ngamakhaya amakhulu okanye amakhitshi orhwebo, ukonga kwemali kuyaqokelelana ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukutshintsha ukusuka ephepheni elilahlwayo ukuya kwimpahla esetyenziswa kwakhona kunokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zonyaka ezisetyenziswayo, kudla ngokunciphisa utyalo-mali lokuqala kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala.
Utshintshiselwano lweMijikelo yoBomi
Ukuhlalutya umjikelo wobomi opheleleyo weemveliso zombini kubonisa ukutshintshiselana phakathi kwempembelelo yokuqala yemveliso kunye nenkunkuma eqhubekayo. Ukuvelisa umxube we-cellulose-cotton kufuna igalelo lezolimo, amanzi okucubungula, kunye namandla okuluka. Nangona kunjalo, olu phawu lokuqala lwendalo luyathintelwa kwixesha elide lobomi elinokunyamezela imijikelo emininzi yokuhlamba ngomatshini.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iitawuli zephepha zifuna umjikelo oqhubekayo wokukhupha izixhobo. Yonke into echithekileyo ecociweyo ngetawuli yephepha ifuna amanzi amatsha okukhupha kunye namandla okusasaza. Ngokutshintsha imiqulu emininzi yeetawuli zephepha ngexesha layo lobomi, i-a ilaphu elinye laseSweden inokunceda ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nomlinganiselo wamanzi onxulumene nokugcinwa komphezulu wemihla ngemihla.
Indlela Abathengi Abafanele Bathathe Isigqibo Ngayo
Ukutshintsha ukusuka ephepheni elilahlwayo ukuya kwi-cellulose ephinda isetyenziswe kufuna uhlengahlengiso olulula lokuziphatha. Nokuba kukulawula ikhitshi lasekhaya elixakekileyo okanye kufakelwe impahla kwindawo yorhwebo, abasebenzisi kufuneka basebenzise iindlela zokunyamekela ezisisiseko ukuze baphucule ucoceko kunye nobomi bemveliso.
Amanyathelo Asebenzayo Kwizindlu Nezibonelelo
Amakhaya kunye nezakhiwo zorhwebo zinokuzuza ezi zixhobo ziphinda zisetyenziswe, nangona iindlela zabo zokusebenzisa zinokwahluka. Kumashishini, abathengi badla ngokuvavanya ababoneleli ngokusekelwe kubumsulwa bezinto kunye nokufumaneka kobuninzi, ngamanye amaxesha besebenzisa iinkqubo ezinemibala ukuqinisekisa ukuba amalaphu asetyenziswa kwiindawo zokulungiselela ukutya okuluhlaza agcinwa ahlukile kulawo asetyenziswa kwiindawo zokutyela. Emakhaya, kudibanisa ilaphu lezitya elinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo Kulula nje ukugcina enye ecaleni kwesinki xa ichithekile yonke imihla, ngelixa ugcina iitawuli zephepha kuphela kwimisebenzi efana nokuphatha inyama eluhlaza okanye ukucoca inkunkuma yezilwanyana zasekhaya.
Ukuze kugcinwe ucoceko olufanelekileyo kwaye kuthintelwe ukukhula kweentsholongwane, abasebenzisi kufuneka bahlambe ilaphu kakuhle ngamanzi afudumeleyo emva kokusetyenziswa ngakunye baze balivumele lome ngokupheleleyo emoyeni. Indlela eneembobo ngayo i-cellulose ivumela ukufuma ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo enceda ngokwemvelo ekuthinteleni ivumba elimuncu.
Ekugqibeleni, nangona iitawuli zephepha zisesisixhobo esifunekayo ekucoceni okuthile okucocekileyo nokuyingozi, aziseyona ndlela yokulungisa ngokubanzi. Ngokusebenzisa i-S ngobulumkoAmalaphu ezitya zaseWedish Ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokucoca zemihla ngemihla, amakhaya kunye namashishini anokunciphisa kakhulu umonakalo obangelwa kukusingqongileyo aze anciphise iindleko zawo zexesha elide ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
- Sebenzisa amalaphu okusela izitya aseSweden xa usula ikhitshi rhoqo kuba ilaphu elinye linokuhlala iinyanga ezininzi kwaye lithathe indawo yeetawuli ezininzi zephepha ezisetyenziswa kanye.
- Khetha amalaphu ezitya ane-cellulose kunye nekotoni ukuba ukuchumisa kubalulekile, njengoko anokonakala xa kusenziwa umgquba othengiswayo kwiiveki ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8.
- Gcina iitawuli zamaphepha ukuze zingabi nabungozi obukhulu njengeejusi zenyama eluhlaza, inkunkuma yezonyango, ukuchitheka okunetyhefu, okanye ukucoca okungcolisekileyo.
- Hlamba kwaye womise amalaphu okutya aseSweden rhoqo ukuze wandise ubomi bawo kwaye unciphise ivumba, ukuqokelelana kweebhaktheriya, kunye nokutshintshwa okungafunekiyo.
- Thelekisa ixabiso lexesha elide kunexabiso leshelufu, kuba amalaphu angasetyenziswa kwakhona anokumelana nokuhlanjwa okumalunga nama-200 ngelixa iitawuli zephepha zilahlwa emva kokusetyenziswa kanye.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Yenziwe ngantoni ilaphu lesitya laseSweden?
Ilaphu lesitya eliqhelekileyo laseSweden lenziwe nge-70% ye-pulp cellulose yomthi kunye ne-30% yekotoni. Lo mxube wenza ilaphu eliguquguqukayo, elifana nesiponji elifunxayo, elihlala ixesha elide, elinokusetyenziswa kwakhona, kwaye elinokuchumisa ekupheleni kobomi balo.
Ngaba amalaphu okutya aseSweden ahlala ixesha elide kuneetawuli zephepha?
Ewe, kwimisebenzi emininzi yokucoca yemihla ngemihla. Amalaphu okutya aseSweden anokusetyenziswa kwakhona kangangeenyanga kwaye ahlanjwe amaxesha amaninzi, ngelixa iitawuli zephepha zisetyenziswa kanye kwaye zihlala zisiya ngqo kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma emva kokucoca ukutya, igrisi, okanye ukuchitheka.
Zifunxa kangakanani izitya zaseSweden?
Amalaphu amaninzi okutya aseSweden anokufunxa ubunzima bawo obomileyo obuphindwe kangangama-20. Oko kuwenza abe luncedo ekusuleni iikhawuntara, ekumiseni izitya, ekucoceni izinto ezichithekileyo, nasekutshintsheni amaphepha amaninzi etawuli zephepha xa esetyenziswa imihla ngemihla.
Ngaba amalaphu okutya aseSweden angafakwa umgquba?
Ewe, ukuba zenziwe nge-cellulose yendalo kunye nekotoni ngaphandle kwezongezo zeplastiki. Kwimeko yokwenza umgquba kurhwebo, zinokonakala kwiiveki ezimalunga nezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8, zingashiyi ntsalela ye-microplastic.
Ilaphu lesitya laseSweden lihlala ixesha elingakanani?
Ilaphu lokutya laseSweden linokuhlala iinyanga ezininzi xa linyamekelwe kakuhle kwaye linokumelana nokuhlanjwa okumalunga nama-200. Ixesha lalo elifanelekileyo lixhomekeke ekubeni lihlanjwa kangaphi, indlela yokuhlanjwa, nokuba lisetyenziswa na kwiindawo ezirhabaxa.
