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Amakhethini Obumfihlo Zichukunyiswa rhoqo kodwa azicocwa rhoqo kunezinye iindawo kwiindawo zezigulana, nto leyo eyenza zibe ngumthombo ongaphantsi kowokudluliselwa kwezifo. Amakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayo anceda ukuvala loo msantsa ngokutshintsha ilaphu eliphinda lisetyenziswe ngomqobo wokusetyenziswa kube kanye onokutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza, rhoqo, kwaye ngaphandle kokulibaziseka kokuhlamba impahla. Eli nqaku lichaza indlela olo tshintsho olunciphisa ngayo umngcipheko wokungcola okusasazekayo, apho amakhethini alahlwayo angena khona ngaphakathi kweenkqubo ezibanzi zokuthintela usulelo, kunye nokuba ziziphi izibonelelo zempilo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa zivavanywa ukhuseleko lwesigulana, ukusebenza kakuhle komsebenzi, kunye nococeko lokusingqongileyo.
Kutheni Amakhethini Esibhedlele Alahlwayo Ebalulekile Ekuthinteleni Usulelo
Izifo ezinxulumene nokhathalelo lwempilo (ii-HAI) zingumngcipheko oqhubekayo kukhuseleko lwezigulane kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lokusebenza kwezibonelelo. Kwindawo yezonyango, iindawo ezichukumisa kakhulu zisebenza njengeevektha eziphambili zokusasazwa kwezifo. Ngelixa imigaqo engqongqo ilawula ukubulala iintsholongwane kwizixhobo zonyango kunye neendawo eziqinileyo, iindawo ezithambileyo ezifana Amakhethini Obumfihlo Besibhedlele bezisoloko zinganakwa. Ezi zahlulo zijikeleze indawo yesigulane, zinyamezela ukuphathwa rhoqo ngabasebenzi bezempilo, izigulane kunye neendwendwe ngaphandle kokubulala iintsholongwane ngoko nangoko phakathi kokudibana.
Utshintsho oluya ezinye iindlela zokusetyenziswa kanye Ijongana nomsantsa obalulekileyo kucoceko lokusingqongileyo. Ngokususa izinto ezintsonkothileyo zokuhlamba impahla kunye nokonakaliswa kwemiqobo yelaphu, amaziko ezempilo anokumisela isiseko sokuthintela usulelo esilawulwayo nesinokuqikelelwa ngakumbi.
Indlela amakhethini alahlwayo anciphisa ngayo ukungcoliswa okunqamlezileyo
Ukwahlulahlula ngelaphu lendabuko kudla ngokusebenza njengee-fomites. Izifundo zeklinikhi zibonisa ukuba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-92% yamakhethini ahlanjwe ngokutsha ahlanjwa ahlala eneentsholongwane, kuquka i-Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) kunye ne-Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), kwiintsuku ezili-14 emva kokufakwa. Iintsholongwane zinokuphila kumalaphu e-polyester aqhelekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezingama-90, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho ungcoliseko oluqhubekayo njengoko abasebenzi behamba phakathi kwekhethini kunye nesigulana.
Ukuphumeza Amakhethini esibhedlele asetyenziswa kanye iphula olu luhlu lokudluliselwa kwayo ngokucwangcisiweyo. Uninzi lwezi mveliso zenziwe ngee-arhente ze-antimicrobial ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, ezifana netekhnoloji ye-silver-ion, enciphisa umthwalo we-bioburden ngaphezulu kwe-99.9% kwiiyure ezingama-24. Ngenxa yokuba zitshintshwa endaweni yokuhlanjwa, umngcipheko wokuqokelelwa kwe-pathogen kwimijikelo yobomi obude uyasuswa ngokupheleleyo.
Zeziphi izinto zonyango kunye nokusebenza ezibangela ukwamkelwa
Ngaphaya kweziphumo zonyango, ukusebenza kakuhle kunefuthe elikhulu ekutshintsheleni kwiindlela ezingasetyenziswayo. Ulawulo lwekhethini yendabuko lufuna umsebenzi omninzi; ukususa, ukuhlamba impahla, kunye nokufaka kwakhona ikhethini eqhelekileyo kudla ngokufuna imizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20 yokusebenza, nto leyo edla ngokufuna iileli kunye nabasebenzi abaninzi bolawulo lweziko. Eli xesha lokungasebenzi lichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iimilinganiselo zokuguqula igumbi.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iinkqubo zanamhlanje ezilahlwayo zisebenzisa iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokutsiba okanye iindlela zokuqhwanyaza ezivumela ilungu elinye labasebenzi ukuba lenze utshintsho olupheleleyo kwimizuzu emi-2 ukuya kwemi-3 ngaphandle kweleli. Oku kunciphisa ixesha lotshintsho ngama-85% kungumqhubi obalulekileyo wokwamkelwa, ngakumbi phakathi kokunqongophala kwabasebenzi bezempilo okungapheliyo. Ngaphezu koko, izohlwayo zemali ezinxulumene ne-HAI phantsi kweenkqubo zokuthenga ezisekelwe kwixabiso zinyanzela abaphathi ukuba batyale imali kulawulo lokusingqongileyo olusebenzayo oluvelisa ukuncipha okulinganiselweyo kumazinga osulelo.
Indlela yokuthelekisa amakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayo nasetyenziswa kwakhona
Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwimpahla yendabuko ukuya kwezinye iindlela ezilahlwayo kufuna uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwezoqoqosho zomjikelo wobomi, ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kunye nempembelelo yezothutho. Izibonelelo kufuneka zilinganise iindleko zokuthenga eziphindaphindayo zezinto ezisetyenziswa kanye ngokuchasene neendleko ezifihlakeleyo ezinxulumene nokugcina uluhlu lwezinto ezingasetyenziswa kwakhona.
Zeziphi iindlela zokusebenza, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye neendleko ezibaluleke kakhulu
Xa kuvavanywa ukusebenza, amaqela okuthenga kufuneka ahlalutye iindleko ezipheleleyo zobunini (i-TCO). Amakhethini asetyenziswa kwakhona aqhelekileyo aneendleko zokuqala zokuthenga eziqala kwi-$30 ukuya kwi-$50 ngeyunithi nganye, kunye neentlawulo zokuhlamba impahla eziphindaphindayo kunye nezokuthutha ezifikelela kwi-$5 ukuya kwi-$10 ngomjikelo ngamnye. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ezinye iindlela ezingasetyenziswayo ezisemgangathweni ophezulu idla ngokubiza phakathi kwe-$10 kunye ne-$15 ngeyunithi nganye. Nangona izinto ezilahlwayo zimela iindleko eziqhubekayo zokusetyenziswa, ziyasusa izivumelwano zokuhlamba impahla zorhwebo, ukulahleka kwezinto ezikhoyo, kunye neendleko zokulungisa amalaphu.
| I-Metric yoVavanyo | Iinxalenye ezilahlwayo | Ilaphu Elingasetyenziswa Kwakhona |
|---|---|---|
| Ixabiso leyunithi yokuqala | $10 - $15 | $30 - $50 |
| Iindleko Zokucubungula Eziphindaphindayo | $0 (Ukulahla kuphela) | $5 - $10 ngomjikelo ngamnye wokuhlamba |
| Ixesha Eliqhelekileyo Lokutshintsha | Imizuzu emi-2 ukuya kwemi-3 | Imizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20 |
| Umngcipheko Wokusinda Kweentsholongwane | Iphantsi (Inyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane) | Phezulu (Ibekwe ekoloni kwiintsuku ezili-14) |
| Ukuthintela umlilo | I-Inherent (ihambelana ngokupheleleyo ne-100%) | Iyawohloka emva kokuhlamba izihlandlo ezili-10-15 |
Ukuthobela imithetho kukwakhokelela ekukhetheni. Amakhethini eSibhedlele alwa neentsholongwane kufuneka bahlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo yamazwe ngamazwe yokusebenza kakuhle kwe-biocidal (umz., i-ISO 20743) kunye nokunyaniseka kwesakhiwo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zisebenza ngokuthembekileyo phantsi koxinzelelo lwezonyango.
Indlela utshintsho oluphindaphindayo, ukuphathwa kwempahla, kunye nokhuseleko emlilweni oluchaphazela ngayo ukhetho
Iinkqubo zotshintsho lwexesha lonyango zilawula ubungakanani kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lwekhethini. Iindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu, ezinje ngeewadi zokwahlukanisa okanye iiyunithi zokutsha, zifuna ukutshintshwa kwekhethini ngokukhawuleza xa isigulane siphuma. Kwezi zicwangciso, ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza kweendlela zokulahla inkunkuma kuthintela iingxaki. Kwiiwadi eziqhelekileyo, izibonelelo zihlala zimisela ukuphindaphinda kokutshintsha okucwangcisiweyo okususela kwiinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6, okulandelelwa lula ngeelebheli zomhla ezihlanganisiweyo kwiiyunithi ezilahla inkunkuma.
Ukhuseleko emlilweni lolunye umlinganiselo ongenakuphikiswana ngawo. Izithintelo zezempilo kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho engqongqo yokutsha, efana ne-NFPA 701 e-United States okanye i-BS 5867 e-UK. Iikhethini eziphinda zisetyenziswe ziphathwa ngamakhemikhali ukuze zingatshi, kodwa olu khuselo luwohloka ngokuthe ngcembe; emva kwemijikelo yokuhlamba eli-10 ukuya kweli-15, ikhethini ephinda isetyenziswe inokungaphumeleli kuvavanyo lokuthobela imithetho, nto leyo edala uxanduva olukhulu. Amakhethini alahlwayo zenziwe nge-flame-retardant (IFR) i-polypropylene engalukwanga, okuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwe-100% ngaphandle kotshintsho lokuwohloka okubangelwa kukuhlamba.
Oko Ufanele Ukuqwalasele Xa Uthenga Kwaye Usebenzisa I-Disposable Hospital Cu
Ukuhlanganiswa ngempumelelo kwezahlulo ezilahlwayo kufuna uvavanyo oluqinileyo lwabathengisi kunye nesicwangciso sokusasazwa esicwangcisiweyo. Amasebe okuthenga kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba iimveliso ezikhethiweyo ziyahambelana neziseko zesakhiwo ezikhoyo ngelixa ehlangabezana neemfuno zeklinikhi zamasebe ahlukeneyo akhethekileyo.
Zeziphi iinkcukacha zemveliso kunye nobuchule bomthengisi ekufuneka buvavanywe
Iinkcukacha zobugcisa ziyalela zombini ukusebenza kakuhle kweklinikhi kunye nokuthobela imithetho. Abavavanyi kufuneka bagunyazise ukusetyenziswa kwe-100 ukuya kwi-120 gsm (iigram ngemitha yesikwere) ye-polypropylene engalukwanga, ebonelela ngokuvuleka okuphezulu kobumfihlo besigulana ngelixa igcina amandla aphezulu okuxinana ukuze imelane nokukrazuka. Ukongeza, ikhowudi yokwakha ifuna ukungena kwe-fire sprinkler; ke ngoko, Amakhethini Ezonyango kufuneka ibe nomaleko we-mesh ephezulu—ngokuvamile ibe zii-intshi ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-22 ubunzulu—enobukhulu obuthile bemingxunya ethe tyaba ukuvumela ukuhamba kwamanzi okungaphazanyiswanga.
Amandla okubonelela ngeenkonzo nawo abaluleke kakhulu. Iinkonzo zokubonelela ngeenkonzo zezempilo zifuna ukuthembeka. Amagosa okuthenga kufuneka ahlole abathengisi ngokusekelwe kwiMinimum Order Quantities (MOQs), ezihlala ziqala kwiiyunithi ezingama-500 ukuya kwi-1,000 ngobukhulu obuqhelekileyo, kunye namaxesha okufumana izinto zembali, angafanele adlule kwiiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6. Ngaphezu koko, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umenzi unesatifikethi se-ISO 13485 kuqinisekisa ukuba umthengisi ulandela iinkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho ezingqongqo ezithile kwizixhobo zonyango.
Indlela yokucwangcisa ukusasazwa nokusetyenziswa kuzo zonke iindawo zokhathalelo
Isicwangciso sokusetyenziswa ngokwezigaba sinciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwaye sivumela ukulungiswa komsebenzi.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
- Ezona zigqibo zibalulekileyo kunye nesizathu sokuba kubekho amakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayo
- Iinkcukacha, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye nokuhlolwa komngcipheko okufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba uzibophelele
- Amanyathelo alandelayo asebenzayo kunye nezilumkiso abafundi abanokuzisebenzisa ngoko nangoko
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Iikhethini zesibhedlele ezilahlwayo zinciphisa njani ukungcoliswa kwezinto ezidibanayo?
Zisusa isidingo sokuhlanjwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokulibaziseka kokutshintshwa kwempahla. Ikhethini elisetyenziswa kanyeIintsholongwane zitshintshwa ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo enciphisa ukwakheka kwezifo kwilaphu elichukumisa kakhulu kufutshane nendawo yesigulane.
Kufuneka kutshintshwe kangaphi amakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayo?
Zitshintshe ngoko nangoko emva kokuba izigulane zibekwe zodwa okanye ziphumile kwindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu. Kwizigulana eziqhelekileyo, izibonelelo ezininzi zisebenzisa umjikelo wotshintsho ocwangcisiweyo weenyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6.
Ngaba iikhethini zesibhedlele ezilahlwayo ziyakhawuleza ukutshintsha kunezo zingasetyenziswa kwakhona?
Ewe. Iinkqubo ezilahlwayo ezineendlela zokuzibamba okanye zokutyibiliza zinokutshintshwa ngumntu omnye kwimizuzu emi-2 ukuya kwemi-3, xa kuthelekiswa nemizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20 kwiikhethini ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona.
Yintoni ekufuneka abathengi bayijonge ngaphambi kokuba bakhethe amakhethini esibhedlele angasetyenziswayo?
Hlola ukusebenza kweentsholongwane, ukuthobela imithetho ethintela umlilo, ukuhambelana kweendlela, iindleko zeyunithi, kunye nokubhala iilebhile zemihla yokutshintsha. Iindleko zizonke mazibandakanye ukonga kwabasebenzi kunye neendleko zokuhlamba impahla ezithintelweyo.
Ngaba amakhethini esibhedlele angasetyenziswayo anokunceda ekunciphiseni iindleko zokusebenza ngokubanzi?
Ihlala injalo. Nangona zithengwa rhoqo, zinokunciphisa iindleko zokuhlamba impahla, zinciphise ixesha labasebenzi, zenze kube lula ukulawula izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, kwaye zixhase ukujika kwegumbi ngokukhawuleza.