Ukuphindaphindwa Kokutshintsha okanye Ukucocwa Kwamakhethini Esibhedlele

Izibhedlele zihlala zitshintsha okanye zicoca amakhethini egumbi lezonyango. Oku kuthintela usulelo; iindawo ezingcolisiweyo zinegalelo kwi-20-40% yezifo ezinxulumene nokhathalelo lwempilo (ii-HAI). Ubuninzi obufanelekileyo buyahluka ngokwendawo yesibhedlele kunye nomngcipheko wesigulana. Abavelisi bamakhethini esibhedlele zibonelela ngeemveliso ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ikhethini lokulwa neentsholongwane iindlela. Izibonelelo zihlala zisebenzisa amakhethini alahlwayo ezibhedlele okanye ezinye amakhethini alahlwayoKufuneka amanyathelo akhawulezileyo ukuze kubekho ukungcola okubonakalayo. Ii-HAI nazo zibangela iindleko ezinkulu.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Izibhedlele zicoca amakhethini rhoqo ukuze kuthintelwe ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane. Amakhethini amdaka anokubangela usulelo kwizigulana nakubasebenzi.
• Ukuba amakhethini acocwa kangaphi kuxhomekeke kwindawo yesibhedlele. Iindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu zifuna ukucocwa rhoqo kunamagumbi aqhelekileyo.
• Ukungacoci ngokwaneleyo amakhethini kunokubangela abantu bagule. Kungonakalisa igama elihle lesibhedlele kwaye kukhokelela ekuhlawulisweni imali.

Kutheni kubalulekile ukuCoca rhoqo amakhethini egumbi lezonyango

Ukucoca rhoqo amakhethini esibhedlele luqheliselo olusisiseko kwizibonelelo zempilo. Olu londolozo lwemihla ngemihla ludlula ngaphaya kobuhle; luyimqobo ebalulekileyo ekusasazekeni kweentsholongwane eziyingozi. Izibhedlele zibeka phambili lo msebenzi ukukhusela izigulana, abasebenzi, kunye nomgangatho opheleleyo wendawo yokhathalelo.

Ukuthintela izifo ezinxulunyaniswa nezempilo (ii-HAI)

Amakhethini esibhedlele, adla ngokuchukunyiswa ngabantu abaninzi, anokuba ziindawo zokugcina iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ndawo zinegalelo elikhulu ekudluliseleni izifo ezinxulumene nokhathalelo lwempilo (ii-HAI). Izifundo zibonisa ukuba iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo kunye neentsholongwane zinokuphila kumalaphu ekhethini ixesha elide. Umzekelo, C. kunzima ii-spores zinokuhlala ixesha elide ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezintlanu, kwaye azikwazi ukumelana neMethicillin I-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ingaphila ixesha elingangeenyanga ezisixhenxe phezu komhlaba.

Uphando luhlala luchonga uluhlu lwezifo eziyingozi esibhedlele Amakhethini ObumfihloEzi ziquka ukunganyamezelani neMethicillinI-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) kunye ne-enterococcus engamelani neVancomycin (VRE).

I-Pathogen	Izinga lokuFunyanwa
I-enterococci engamelani neVancomycin (VRE)	13.8%
Iintsholongwane zegram-negative ezingamelaniyo namayeza	6.2%
Ayimelani neMethicillin I-Staphylococcus aureus (i-MRSA)	4.9%
I-Acinetobacter baumannii	Ifakwe kwi-gram-negative
I-Klebsiella pneumoniae	Ifakwe kwi-gram-negative
I-Enterobacter cloacae	Ifakwe kwi-gram-negative

Ezi khethini zegumbi lezonyango zingcoliswa ngokukhawuleza. Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba ama-92% amakhethini abonakalise ungcoliso kwiveki enye. Oku kuquka ama-21% ane-MRSA kunye nama-42% ane-VRE. UJanet Haas, owayengumongameli we-APIC, ugxininise ukubaluleka koku. Uthe, "Ukugcina indawo yesigulane icocekile yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni usulelo olunxulumene nezempilo. Ngenxa yokuba amakhethini obumfihlo anokuba yindlela yokudlulisela izifo, ukugcina ishedyuli yokucoca rhoqo kunika enye indlela enokubakho yokukhusela izigulane ekonzakaleni ngelixa zisesezandleni zethu." Amakhethini angcolisiweyo adibene ngokuthe ngqo nokuqhambuka kwezifo. Uphononongo luka-2002 lubonise amakhethini njengeyona ndawo iphambili yokugcina i-carbapenem enganyangekiyo. I-Acinetobacter baumannii ubhubhane kwiyunithi yokhathalelo oluphezulu. Olunye uphando luchonge amakhethini njengomthombo onokubakho wokudluliselwa kwe-streptococcus kwiqela le-A kwiwadi ephakathi kwendlebe nempumlo nomphimbo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezigulane kunye nabasebenzi

Ukhuseleko lwezigulane kunye nabasebenzi bezempilo luxhomekeke kakhulu kumanyathelo okulawula usulelo asebenzayo. Amakhethini esibhedlele, ahlala echukunyiswa zizigulane, iindwendwe kunye nabasebenzi, abeka umngcipheko omkhulu wokudluliselwa kwezifo. Abasebenzi bezempilo banoxanduva lokunciphisa ukuvezwa kwi-HAIs. Nangona ucoceko lwezandla lungenelelo oluphambili, ukuthobela imithetho kunokwahluka. Izifundo zibonisa umngcipheko omkhulu weeglavu ezidlulisela iintsholongwane ukusuka kumakhethini ziye kwizigulana. Xa abasebenzi bezempilo bebeka amakhethini kwakhona emva kokwenza ucoceko lwezandla kunye nokunxiba iiglavu, banokuthatha kwaye badlulisele iintsholongwane ngempazamo.

Izifundo ezininzi zichonge iintsholongwane ezifana ne-MRSA, i-VRE, kunye I-Clostridium difficile kwiikhethini zesibhedlele. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa iikhethini njengesixhobo esinokubangela iintsholongwane ezinxulumene ne-HAIs. Oku kufuna amanyathelo angaphaya kococeko lwezandla. Umzekelo, ubhubhane we I-Acinetobacter baumannii Ngowama-2002 kwi-ICU yaseBirmingham kwachongwa amakhethini asecaleni kwebhedi njengomthombo oyintloko. Ubhubhane wakutshanje weQela A I-Streptococcus (GAS) kwiwadi ye-ENT yaseNottingham kufunyenwe ukuba amakhethini ali-10 kwangu-34 asecaleni kwebhedi ayeyimithombo ye-GAS. Ezi meko zibonisa umngcipheko othe ngqo kwiikhethini ezinobuthi kwimpilo-ntle yezigulana kunye nabasebenzi.

Ukugcina Imeko-bume Ecocekileyo

Indawo ecocekileyo necocekileyo ibalulekile ekunyamekelweni nasekuchacheni kwezigulane. Ukucocwa rhoqo kweekhethini zesibhedlele kuncedisa kakhulu koku. Kunceda ekudaleni imeko yobungcali nokuthembana. Izigulane kunye neentsapho zazo zilindele indawo ecocekileyo. Ucoceko olubonakalayo lubaqinisekisa ngomgangatho wokhathalelo abalufumanayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iikhethini ezingcolileyo okanye ezibonakala zingcolile zinokuphazamisa ukuzithemba ekuzibopheleleni kwesikhungo kucoceko. Ngaphaya kokulawula usulelo, ukugcina iikhethini zicocekile kuxhasa amava amnandi esigulana. Kubonisa ukuzinikela kwesibhedlele kwimigangatho ephezulu yokhathalelo. Olu kuzinikela lufikelela kuyo yonke into engqongileyo yesigulana.

IiForequencies ezicetyiswayo zoLondolozo lweKhenethi yeSibhedlele

Izibhedlele zimisela iishedyuli ezithile zokugcina amakhethini abucala. Ezi shedyuli ziqinisekisa ulawulo oluqhubekayo losulelo kunye nemeko ecocekileyo. Ukuphindaphindwa kokutshintsha okanye ukucoca amakhethini kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwindawo ethile esibhedlele kunye nomngcipheko ohambelana nokosuleleka.

Ishedyuli yokucoca amakhethini eewadi ngokubanzi

Amakhethini eewadi aqhelekileyo afuna ingqalelo rhoqo ukuthintela ukwakheka kwezifo. Izibonelelo zonyango zihlala zicoca amakhethini kumagumbi aqhelekileyo ezigulana nakwiiwadi eziqhelekileyo rhoqo emva kwenyanga ukuya kwezintathu. Olu phindaphindo lujongana nokuvezwa okuncinci kungcoliseko. Lunceda ukuthintela ukuqokelelana kweebhaktheriya. Iindlela ezilungileyo ziquka ukuhlamba rhoqo okanye ukutshintsha la makhethini ngamatsha. IZiko loLawulo lweZifo kunye nokuThintela (i-CDC) licebisa ukucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kumakhethini esibhedlele xa ebonakala engcolile. Bakwacebisa ukucoca emva kokuchitheka kwegazi okanye ulwelo lomzimba. Ukucoca rhoqo, okufana nemihla ngemihla okanye ngeveki, nako kubalulekile. Uphindaphindo oluchanekileyo luxhomekeke kumngcipheko wongcoliseko. IMigangatho yeSizwe yoCoceko lwezeMpilo ka-2021 ihlela iindawo ezisebenzayo ngokwengozi. Oku kumisela uphindaphindo lweeblinds, amakhethini, kunye nezikrini. Zonke ezo zinto kufuneka zihlale zicocekile ngokubonakalayo. Kufuneka zingabi nagazi, izinto zomzimba, uthuli, ukungcola, inkunkuma, amabala, okanye ukuchitheka. Iishedyuli zokucoca kufuneka zibandakanye ezi zinto, kwaye iirekhodi mazigcinwe.

Utshintsho lweKheteni leNdawo enobungozi obuphezulu

Iindawo ezinomngcipheko ophezulu wokungcola zifuna ukutshintshwa okanye ukucocwa rhoqo kwamakhethini. Amagumbi okusebenzela, amasebe ongxamiseko, kunye neeyunithi zokhathalelo olunzulu ziwela kolu didi. Ezi ndawo zijongene nokutshintshatshintsha okuphezulu kwezigulane kwaye zihlala ziquka iinkqubo ezinokubakho okukhulu kokuvezwa kolwelo lomzimba. Ngelixa iiwadi eziqhelekileyo zinokulandela ishedyuli yenyanga okanye yekota, iindawo ezinomngcipheko ophezulu zihlala zifuna utshintsho lweveki okanye lwemihla ngemihla. Le ndlela yokuzikhusela inciphisa ukusasazeka kwezifo ezinganyangekiyo kakhulu. Ikhusela izigulane ezisengozini. Izibonelelo kufuneka zisebenzise imigaqo eqinileyo kwezi ndawo zibalulekileyo.

Iiprotokholi zeKliniki yangaphandle kunye neCandelo loVavanyo

Iikliniki zangaphandle kunye namagumbi ovavanyo nazo zifuna imigaqo engqongqo yokugcinwa kwamakhethini. Izibhedlele kufuneka zilandele imigaqo engqongqo yokucoca amakhethini amalaphu. Oku kuquka ukuhlamba rhoqo ukuthintela ungcoliseko. Ukutshintshwa rhoqo kunokufuneka, ingakumbi kwiikliniki ezixakekileyo. Imizila yamakhethini esibhedlele yanamhlanje yenza kube lula ukutshintsha amakhethini. Ezi nkqubo zokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza zinciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi. Ziqinisekisa ukuba kukho amakhethini amatsha, acocekileyo. Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo kunceda nolawulo losulelo. Ukukhetha amakhethini alwa namagciwane okanye alahlwayo kunceda amaziko ezempilo ukuba agcine ucoceko ngononophelo oluncinci. Amaziko kufuneka asebenzise ishedyuli yokucoca rhoqo amakhethini abucala. Oku kugcina imeko-bume ecocekileyo kwaye kuthintela ukuqokelelana kwezinto ezingcolisayo. Abasebenzi kufuneka bahlole amakhethini abucala rhoqo ukuba agugile okanye onakele. Kufuneka batshintshe ngokukhawuleza naziphi na iikhethini ezikrazukileyo, ezikrazukileyo, okanye ezinzima ukuzicoca. Abasebenzi bezempilo nabo bafuna uqeqesho malunga nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo nangokungaguqukiyo kwamakhethini abucala. Oku kubandakanya ukuzoba ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lokunxibelelana kwesigulana kunye neenkqubo ezinobuzaza. Ukudibanisa amakhethini abucala kwiinkqubo zokulawula usulelo lweziko kuqinisekisa ukucocwa nokuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kuthintela ukusasazeka kosulelo. Amaziko kufuneka azise izigulana ngenjongo kunye neenzuzo zamakhethini abucala. Oku kubakhuthaza ukuba bacele ukusetyenziswa kwawo ukuze bathuthuzeleke kwaye babe ngasese.

Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwekhethini okanye izinto ezibangela ukucoca

Iimeko ezithile zifuna utshintsho okanye ukucocwa ngokukhawuleza kwamakhethini egumbi lezonyango, nokuba ishedyuli yesiqhelo injani. Ukungcola okubonakalayo okanye amabala aqinileyo kwilaphu kubangela isenzo esikhawulezileyo. Oku kunokubangelwa kukudibana kwezixhobo zonyango, ulwelo lomzimba, okanye uthuli kunye nokungcola okuqokeleleneyo. Amavumba angathandekiyo ahlala ixesha elide akwabonisa isidingo sokungenelela ngokukhawuleza. La mavumba anokuvela kwizinto zokucoca, ulwelo lomzimba, okanye izinto ezingcolisayo zangaphandle. Asenokubonisa ukuba kukho iintsholongwane eziyingozi. Amatyala okuzahlula ahlala efuna utshintsho lwekhethini ngokukhawuleza. Abasebenzi kufuneka bafake amakhethini angcolileyo kwiingxowa ngokufanelekileyo. Nawaphi na amakhethini anombala obonakalayo nawo afuna utshintsho lwawo ngokukhawuleza kunye neengxowa. Ezi zinto zibangela ukuba kuphendulwe ngokukhawuleza kwiziganeko zongcoliseko ezinokubakho.

Izinto Ezichaphazela Ukucocwa Kwamakhethini Esibhedlele

Zininzi izinto ezilawula ukuba izibhedlele zitshintsha okanye zicoce kangakanani iikhethini zobumfihlo. Ezi zinto ziqinisekisa ulawulo olusebenzayo losulelo kwaye zigcina indawo ecocekileyo icocekile.

Indawo yoNyango kunye neMpembelelo yabemi bezigulana

Indawo ethile yokhathalelo lwempilo inefuthe elikhulu ekucoceni amakhethini rhoqo. Iindawo ezinabantu abaninzi, ezinje ngamagumbi ongxamiseko okanye iiyunithi zokhathalelo oluphezulu, ziqokelela iintsholongwane ngokukhawuleza. Ezi ndawo zifuna utshintsho oluqhubekayo. Ngokufanayo, amaqela ezigulana ezineenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka afuna iindlela ezingqongqo zokucoca. Izigulana ezisengozini zijongene nemingcipheko ephezulu evela kwizinto ezingcolisayo kwindalo.

Izinto zeKheteni kunye nokuqwalaselwa koyilo

Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye noyilo lwamakhethini egumbi lezonyango zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Amanye amakhethini, njengeB-Clean™ Curtains, asebenzisa ilaphu le-polypropylene eliyi-100% elifakwe iikhemikhali ezilwa neentsholongwane kunye nokungunda, kuquka nesilivere ye-nanometer. Ezi zinto zithintela ukukhula kwebhaktiriya, okunokunciphisa utshintsho oluninzi. Amakhethini e-polypropylene aneteknoloji ye-silver ion asusa ngokukhawuleza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-99.9999% yokukhula kwebhaktiriya, ahlala ecocekile phakathi kokuhlamba. Amakhethini e-Marlux® aneteknoloji ye-Microban® silver ion akwakhusela kwiibhaktiriya ezinganyangekiyo ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ezifana ne-MRSA. Nangona kunjalo, i-polypropylene enganyangwanga ayixhathisi ukukhula kwebhaktiriya ngokwemvelo.

Imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neeProtocols eziphathelele kwiZibonelelo ezithile

Isibhedlele ngasinye siphuhlisa imigaqo-nkqubo yaso eneenkcukacha kunye neendlela zokulungisa amakhethini. Ezi zikhokelo zangaphakathi ziqwalasela uyilo olwahlukileyo lweziko, ukuhamba kwezigulane, kunye nezixhobo ezikhoyo. Zimisela iishedyuli ezithile kunye neenkqubo zokucoca, ukutshintsha, kunye nokulahla.

Izikhokelo zoLawulo loSulelo lweNdawo

Izibhedlele mazithobele izikhokelo zolawulo losulelo lwasekuhlaleni. Le migaqo idla ngokubonelela ngemigangatho ephantsi yokucoca okusingqongileyo, kuquka namakhethini obumfihlo. Ukunamathela kule migaqo kuqinisekisa umgangatho osisiseko wococeko kunye nokhuseleko lwezigulane kuzo zonke izibonelelo zempilo.

Iindlela ezilungileyo zoLawulo lwamakhethini esibhedlele

Ulawulo olusebenzayo lwamakhethini esibhedlele lubalulekile ekulawuleni usulelo nasekugcineni imeko-bume icocekile. Izibhedlele zisebenzisa iindlela ezininzi ezilungileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezi zithintelo zibalulekileyo zihlala zicocekile kwaye zikhuselekile.

Ukuseka iiProtocols zoLondolozo olucacileyo

Izibhedlele mazimisele imigaqo ecacileyo nebhaliweyo yokugcinwa kwamakhethini. Le migaqo ichaza iishedyuli zokucoca, iinkqubo zokutshintsha, kunye noxanduva lwabasebenzi. Imigaqo eqinisiweyo iqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye noxanduva kuwo onke amasebe. Ikwabonelela ngesakhelo sokuqeqesha abasebenzi abatsha malunga nokuphathwa kwamakhethini ngokufanelekileyo.

Iindlela zokucoca ezisebenzayo kunye neendlela zokucoca amakhethini

Izibhedlele zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzayo zokubulala iintsholongwane kumakhethini. Umphunga womphunga unika indlela esebenzayo yomzimba, edla ngokusetyenziswa kwizigulana ezisegumbini. Iteknoloji yokukhanya kwe-UV-C icocekisa imiphezulu nezixhobo, isebenza njengesicoci sendalo nxamnye neentsholongwane. Iteknoloji yeekhemikhali ezifana nenkungu zijolise kwiibhaktheriya, kodwa abasebenzi kufuneka baqwalasele amandla okuphefumla iikhemikhali eziyingozi. Ukuze kucocwe kakuhle, iingcali zicebisa ukuhlamba amakhethini esibhedlele nge-bleach namanzi ashushu. Uvavanyo emva kokuhlamba impahla luqinisekisa ukuba akukho zinto zinobungozi eziseleyo. Ezinye iindlela ziquka ukucoca ngomphunga, okusebenzisa ubushushu obuphezulu ngaphandle kweekhemikhali, kunye nokucoca ngeekhemikhali ngee-disinfectants ezikumgangatho wesibhedlele. Ukuhlamba impahla ngokwesiko ngeenkonzo zorhwebo ezingaphandle kwendawo kubonelela ngokuseta kwakhona ngokupheleleyo, kusetyenziswa iiwashers zoshishino kunye nokomisa ngobushushu obuphezulu.

Ukuphumeza Inkqubo yokulandelela utshintsho lwekhethini

Inkqubo yokulandelela eyomeleleyo inceda izibhedlele ukuba zijonge ukugcinwa kwamakhethini. Le nkqubo irekhoda ukuba abasebenzi bagqibela nini ukucoca okanye ukutshintsha ikhethini nganye. Iqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweshedyuli esele imiselwe kwaye ichonge amakhethini afanele ukubonelelwa. Iinkqubo zokulandelela zedijithali zinokwenza le nkqubo ibe lula, ziphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuchaneka.

Ukuvavanya iinketho zekhethini ezilahlwayo

Izibhedlele zihlala zivavanya iindlela zokusebenzisa amakhethini alahlwayo. Amakhethini alahlwayo abonelela ngokonga iindleko zokuqala kwaye anokunciphisa ukusasazeka kosulelo ukuba abasebenzi bawatshintsha rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, anyusa iindleko zenkunkuma yesibhedlele kunye nokulahla. Anokuba neencukuthu ezinkulu kwiiveki ezimbalwa ukuba azitshintshwa rhoqo. Amakhethini aphinda asetyenziswe, ngokuchaseneyo, anika intuthuzelo ephuculweyo yesigulana kunye neendleko eziphantsi zexesha elide. Anciphisa inkunkuma kwaye abonelela ngozinzo. Amakhethini egumbi lezonyango aphinda asetyenziswe ahlala ixesha elide, anokwenziwa ngokwezifiso, kwaye kulula ukuwagcina ngokuhlamba ngomatshini okanye ngokuhlamba impahla ngobuchwephesha. Akwanelisa nemigangatho yokuthobela imithetho.

Iingozi Zokugcinwa Kwamakhethini Egumbi Lezonyango Anganelanga

Ukungahoyi ukulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo kwamakhethini esibhedlele kuzisa umngcipheko omkhulu kukhuseleko lwezigulane, impilo-ntle yabasebenzi, kunye nokuthembeka ngokubanzi kwesikhungo sezempilo. Ezi ngozi zidlulela ngaphaya kobuhle obulula, zichaphazela ulawulo losulelo kunye nokuthobela imithetho yokusebenza.

Iingozi Ezongezelelekileyo Zokusasazeka Kosulelo

Ukungacocwa ngokwaneleyo okanye ukutshintsha rhoqo amakhethini esibhedlele kunyusa ngokuthe ngqo umngcipheko wokudluliselwa kosulelo. Amakhethini egumbi lezonyango angcolisiweyo anokuba neentsholongwane eziyingozi ezifana ne-MRSA, i-VRE, kunye C. kunzimaIzigulane kunye nabasebenzi bahlala bechukumisa ezi ndawo, nto leyo edala amathuba okufumana ungcoliseko oluhambelanayo. Olu qwalaselo lunokukhokelela ekuqhambukeni kwezifo ezinxulumene nokhathalelo lwempilo (ii-HAI), okubeka emngciphekweni ukubuya kwesigulana kunye nokwanda kokugula.

Impilo-ntle yesigulana kunye nabasebenzi abasengozini

Xa amakhethini engacocekanga, aba yindawo yokuzalela iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane. Oku kubeka impilo yabaguli kunye nabasebenzi bezempilo emngciphekweni ngokuthe ngqo. Abaguli, abasoloko besesichengeni, bajongene nokuchatshazelwa ziintsholongwane eziyingozi, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba bahlale esibhedlele ixesha elide okanye imeko yabo ibe mandundu. Abasebenzi nabo basengozini yokuchatshazelwa, nto leyo enokubangela ukugula nokungafiki emsebenzini, nto leyo echaphazela amandla okusebenza kwesikhungo.

Impembelelo Embi Kwigama Lesikhungo

Ukuzinikela kwesibhedlele kucoceko kuyichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo indlela esibonwa ngayo luluntu. Ukungcola okubonakalayo, amabala, okanye ivumba elibi kumakhethini obumfihlo libonisa ukunqongophala kwengqwalasela kucoceko. Oku kungonakalisa kakhulu udumo lwesikhungo, kutshabalalise ukuthembana kwesigulane. Udumo olubi lunokubangela ukwehla komthamo wesigulane kunye neemvakalelo ezimbi zoluntu, nto leyo echaphazela isikhundla sesibhedlele kuluntu.

Ukungathobeli imithetho okunokwenzeka

Ukusilela ukugcina amakhethini esibhedlele ngokwemigaqo emiselweyo kunokubangela ukungathobeli imithetho enzima. Imibutho elawulayo, efana ne-EPA kunye ne-OSHA, inyanzelisa imigangatho engqongqo yococeko lokusingqongileyo kwiindawo zempilo. Ukwaphulwa komthetho kunokubangela izohlwayo ezinkulu zemali, ukusuka kumawaka ukuya kwizigidi zeerandi, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bokwaphulwa komthetho. Izibonelelo zinokubangela iindleko ezongezelelweyo zezenzo zokulungisa, iifizi zomthetho, kunye nokunyuka kweeprimiyamu zeinshorensi. Ngaphezu koko, ukungathobeli umthetho kunokukhokelela kwinyathelo lomthetho, kubandakanya amatyala kunye namatyala olwaphulo-mthetho, ngakumbi ukuba iindlela zococeko ezingafanelekanga zibangela ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo okanye ingozi kwimpilo yoluntu. Ukugcina ukuthobela umthetho kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuthembana nokhuseleko kushishino.

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Ukunamathela rhoqo kwiishedyuli zokucoca amakhethini kusabalulekile ekulawuleni usulelo ngempumelelo. Izibhedlele kufuneka zisebenzise imigaqo eqinileyo ukuqinisekisa ucoceko olufanelekileyo lwamakhethini. Ukulungelelanisa amaxesha okucoca ngokweengozi ezithile zesebe kuphucula kakhulu ukhuseleko lwezigulane ngokubanzi. Ezi ndlela zibanzi zikhusela izigulana kunye nabasebenzi kwiindawo zonyango.

FAQ

Zihlala zitshintsha kangaphi izibhedlele iikhethini zobumfihlo?

Izibhedlele zitshintsha amakhethini eewadi eziqhelekileyo rhoqo emva kwenyanga e-1-3. Iindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu zifuna utshintsho lweveki okanye lwemihla ngemihla. Ukungcola okubonakalayo okanye ukungcola kubangela ukutshintshwa kwangoko.

Kutheni kubalulekile ukucoca rhoqo amakhethini esibhedlele?

Ukucoca rhoqo kuthintela usulelo olunxulumene nokhathalelo lwempilo (ii-HAI). Kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezigulane kunye nabasebenzi. Le ndlela ikwagcina imeko-bume yococeko ngaphakathi kwiziko.

Zeziphi izinto ezichaphazela ukuhla rhoqo kokucoca amakhethini?

Indawo yokhathalelo lwempilo, inani labantu abagulayo, izinto ezisetyenziswayo, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yesikhungo inefuthe kwinani labantu abagulayo. Izikhokelo zolawulo losulelo lwengingqi nazo zidlala indima.