Amakhethini eSibhedlele Alahlwayo: Iingenelo ezi-5 ezisebenzayo kwiiKliniki ze-EU

Isibhedlele Amakhethini Obumfihlo zichukunyiswa rhoqo, zitshintshwa ngokungalinganiyo, kwaye zihlala zingahoywa kwizicwangciso zolawulo losulelo. Kwiiklinikhi ze-EU ezijongene noxinzelelo lokunciphisa usulelo oluhambelana nokhathalelo lwempilo ngelixa zilawula iindleko zomsebenzi, ukuhlamba impahla, kunye nokuthobela imithetho,izithintelo ezingalukwanga ezisetyenziswa kanyezibonelela ngenye indlela esebenzayo endaweni yelinen yendabuko. Zenziwe ngokuyintloko nge-polypropylene, zinokwenza kube lula ukutshintsha izinto, zinciphise ukuhanjiswa kwempahla, kwaye zixhase ukujika ngokukhawuleza kwegumbi kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu ezifana ne-ICU, amagumbi okuhlamba impahla, kunye neendawo zokwahlukanisa. Sekunjalo isigqibo asikuko nje kuphela kwezonyango: amaqela okuthenga kufuneka ahlole iindleko zeeyunithi, ukusebenza kwee-antimicrobial, iindlela zokulahla inkunkuma, kunye nolindelo lokuzinza kwe-EU. Eli nqaku lihlola iingenelo ezisebenzayo—kunye nezivumelwano—emva kokukhetha. Ikhethini elilahlwayokwiindawo zonyango zanamhlanje.

Kutheni iiKliniki ze-EU zisebenzisa amakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayo

Izibonelelo zonyango zaseYurophu ziya zibeka phambili ucoceko lokusingqongileyo ukuze kuliwe nezifo ezinxulumene nokhathalelo lwempilo (ii-HAI). Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yale ndlela ibandakanya ukuphinda kuhlolwe imiqobo yobumfihlo besigulaneUkutshintsha izinto ezilaphu eziqhelekileyo ukuya kwizinto ezingalukwanga kunceda iikliniki ze-EU ukuba zigcine imigaqo engqongqo yokulawula usulelo.

Inkcazo kunye nobubanzi

Yenziwe ngelaphu elingalukwanga le-polypropylene (PP), lanamhlanje amakhethini alahlwayo zisebenza njengemiqobo ebonakalayo kwiindawo zokulungisa izigulane, iiyunithi zokhathalelo oluphezulu (ii-ICU), kunye neewadi zezigulane eziqhelekileyo. Ngokungafaniyo namalaphu alukiweyo emveli, ezi miqobo yokwenziwa yenziwe ngobunzima obuqhelekileyo—ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-100 ukuya kwi-120 grams ngemitha yesikwere (gsm)—ukuqinisekisa ukungabonakali kakuhle kunye nokumelana nokukrazuka ngaphandle kokunciphisa iinkqubo zendlela ezikhoyo zomkhondo.

Ububanzi bezi mveliso budlula ngaphaya kobumfihlo obulula. Inkqubo yokuvelisa idala izinto ezimelana nolwelo ngokwendalo, zibonelela ngokhuseleko oluphambili kwiintsholongwane ezisasazeka egazini kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo ezifakwe kwi-aerosol kwiindawo zeklinikhi ezinabantu abaninzi. Ngelixa abavelisi bedla ngokugxininisa ukuba i-PP inokuphinda isetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo, iikliniki kufuneka ziqwalasele izinto zokwenyani zokusingqongileyo kunye ne-disposal logistics. Enyanisweni, izibonelelo ezininzi azinazo iindlela zokuphinda zisetyenziswe ze-polypropylene, oko kuthetha ukuba ezi zinto zisetyenziswa kanye zihlala zithunyelwa ekutshisweni kwenkunkuma yezonyango, nto leyo ethwala iindleko zayo zokulahla kunye nomonakalo obangelwa kukusingqongileyo.

Iingenelo eziphambili kwiZiseko zeKliniki

Ukusasazwa kwe imiqobo yobumfihlo yokusetyenziswa kanye Ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezisebenzayo zolawulo lweziko. Zibonelela ngokuthintela iintsholongwane ngokukhawuleza, zisusa isidingo sezinto ezintsonkothileyo zokuhlamba impahla, kwaye zenza kube lula ukulandelela ukuthobela imithetho ngelixa zigcina ubuhle obufanayo kuzo zonke iiwadi.

Iindidi eziphambili ziquka unyango lwe-silver-ion okanye lwe-quaternary ammonium anti-microbial ngqo kwizinto ngexesha lokwenziwa. Uqikelelo lweshishini lubonisa ukuba olu nyango lusebenzayo lunokufikelela kwi-99.9% yokunciphisa iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo ze-nosocomial—kuquka i-MRSA kunye ne-VRE—kumphezulu wekhethini kwixesha lokudibana iiyure ezingama-24. Olu nciphiso olusebenzayo oluqhubekayo lunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wongcoliseko oluhambahambayo ngezandla zabasebenzi bezempilo.

Amakhethini esibhedlele alahlwayo xa esetyenziswa kwakhona

Abalawuli bokuthenga kufuneka balinganise iindleko zemali kwangaphambili xa bekhetha izisombululo zabucalaUkuthelekisa ezi ndlela zimbini kubonisa ukuba ezinye iindlela zokusetyenziswa kube kanye zitshintsha ngokusisiseko ixabiso lilonke lobunini beempahla zelaphu zokhathalelo lwempilo. Nangona kunjalo, abenzi bezigqibo kufuneka bavume nemida: iikhethini ezilahlwayo zonyusa umthamo wenkunkuma yeklinikhi iyonke kwaye zinokujongana nokuhlolwa ngumthetho phantsi kwemiyalelo yezoqoqosho olujikelezayo lwe-EU, okwenza iikhethini ezingasetyenziswa kwakhona zikhethwe kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko omncinci apho iinjongo zozinzo zingaphezulu kweengozi zosulelo olukhawulezileyo.

Ukusebenza kunye nokuthelekiswa kweendleko

Ilineni yendabuko ifuna ulawulo oluqhubekayo lwezinto ezifunekayo, kubandakanya ukuqokelelwa, ukuhlamba impahla ngobushushu obuphezulu, uku-ayina, kunye nokusasazwa ngokutsha. Lo mjikelo uzisa iindleko ezifihlakeleyo kunye ne-vectors ezinokubakho zokungcoliswa okunqamlezileyo ukuba iinkqubo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni ziyasilela. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ezinye iindlela ezingalukwanga zibonelela ngeemodeli zemali eziqikelelweyo ngakumbi. Le theyibhile ilandelayo ibonelela ngoqikelelo lweshishini olubonisayo ukuze kuthelekiswe:

Iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

Xa ucacisa izithintelo ezingalukwanga, iiklinikhi ze-EU kufuneka ziqinisekise iiparameter zobugcisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kunye nokuhambelana nokusebenza. Ukuthintela umlilo yeyona nkcazelo iphambili; amakhethini kufuneka ahlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo yaseYurophu, efana ne-EN 13773 Class 1 okanye i-BS 5867 Part 2 Type C efanayo, eyalela ukuba ilaphu lingasasazi ilangatye.

Ngaphezu koko, ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo—obudla ngokubizwa ngokuba ziimitha ezi-7.5 ububanzi ngeemitha ezi-2 ubude bokuthontsiza—kufuneka buhambelane neemfuno zewadi ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-pleating efanelekileyo kunye nobumfihlo. Amaqela okuthenga kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba uyilo lwee-eyelet luhambelana nee-gliders ezikhoyo ezimile okwe-U okanye ezijikelezileyo. Ububanzi obuqhelekileyo bee-eyelet zangaphakathi ze-30mm ukuya kwi-40mm ngokubanzi buyimfuneko ukuze kuthintelwe iindleko ezongezelelweyo zokutshintshwa kwezixhobo.

Indlela iiKliniki ze-EU ezinokuthi zisebenzise ngayo amakhethini esibhedlele angasetyenziswayo

Ukutshintsha iziko leklinikhi libe inkqubo yokuthintela ubumfihlo elahlwayo ifuna ucwangciso olucwangcisiweyo. Ukuphunyezwa ngempumelelo kuxhomekeke ekuhambelaniseni imijikelo yokuthengwa kwempahla kunye nemiyalelo engqongqo yokulawula usulelo ukuqinisekisa ukufumaneka okungenamthungo kunye nokunciphisa rhoqo iintsholongwane.

Amanyathelo okuthenga kunye nokulawula usulelo

Isigaba sokuqala sokuphunyezwa siquka ukumisela ishedyuli yokutshintsha engqongqo elawulwa ngamanqanaba omngcipheko wewadi. Kwiwadi eziqhelekileyo, ukutshintshwa okucwangcisiweyo kunokwenzeka rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezinobunzima obukhulu njengee-ICU okanye iiyunithi zokwahlukanisa, kusebenza imigaqo yokwenyani yokusetyenziswa kanye, efuna ukulahlwa kwangoko emva kokuphuma kwesigulana okanye ukungcola okubonakalayo.

Ukuze kugcinwe olu tshintsho, abalawuli kufuneka baqinisekise iindlela zokubonelela ezithembekileyo amakhethini okutshintshaIzibonelelo kufuneka zilindele ubungakanani obuncinci be-oda (ii-MOQ) obuqala kwiiyunithi ezingama-500 ukuya kwi-1000 xa kuxoxwa ngeekhontrakthi zomenzi ngqo, ingakumbi ukuba kufuneka ikhowudi yombala yewadi okanye uphawu lwesibhedlele. Indawo yokugcina impahla nayo kufuneka yabelwe, njengoko ukuthunyelwa okukhulu kwempahla ilaphu elingalukwanga zifuna indawo eyomileyo nelawulwa yimozulu ukuthintela ukubola kwangaphambi kwexesha kwengubo yokulwa neentsholongwane.

Iikhrayitheriya zeSigqibo soKhetho lokugqibela

Ukukhethwa kokugqibela komthengisi kufuneka kulawulwe ziikhrayitheriya ezingqongqo zesigqibo ezibandakanya zombini isiqinisekiso semveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Ababoneleli kufuneka banike amaxwebhu asemthethweni okumakisha i-CE kwaye babonise ukunamathela kwiinkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho we-ISO 9001, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwebhetshi nebhetshi.

Ngaphezu koko, abaphathi bezonyango kufuneka babeke phambili amakhethini ewadi alahlwayo ezibonisa iindlela zokulandelela uhlolo ezidityanisiweyo. Iimveliso ezineelebheli zomhla wokufakwa eziprintiweyo kwangaphambili nezinokuskenwa lula zivumela abasebenzi beenkonzo zokusingqongileyo ukuba bajonge ukuthotyelwa komjikelo wobomi ngokuchanekileyo. Eli nqanaba lokulandelelwa liqinisekisa ukuba akukho mkhusane udlula ixesha lokusetyenziswa elimiselweyo, ngaloo ndlela kuvala izikhewu ezinokubakho kwisicwangciso sokuthintela usulelo ngokubanzi sesikhungo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Cacisa amakhethini angalukwanga e-polypropylene kuluhlu lwe-100–120 gsm ukuze kulinganiswe ubumfihlo, ukuqina, kunye nokuhambelana neendlela zophahla ezikhoyo.
• Sebenzisa amakhethini angasetyenziswayo kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu ezifana nee-ICU, iindawo zokuhlola, kunye namagumbi okuzihlukanisa apho utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kunye nolawulo longcoliseko zizinto eziphambili.
• Thelekisa iindleko zizonke zobunini, kungekuphela nje ixabiso lokuthenga, kuba amakhethini alahlwayo asusa iindleko zokuhlamba impahla kodwa adibanisa iindleko zokulahla okanye zokutshisa.
• Cinga ngeendlela zokuthintela iintsholongwane apho kufanelekileyo, njengoko ezinye iindlela zonyango zixelwa ukuba zinciphisa iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo ezifumaneka e-nosocomial ukuya kuthi ga kwi-99.9% kwiiyure ezingama-24.
• Cwangcisa indlela yokuphatha inkunkuma ngaphambi kokuba isetyenziswe, kuba amakhethini e-polypropylene anokuphinda asetyenziswe asenokungena kwimithombo yenkunkuma yezonyango ukuba akukho ndlela ikhethekileyo yokubuyisela inkunkuma.
• Gcina amakhethini angasetyenziswa kwakhona kwiindawo zokubeka izinto ezinobungozi obuphantsi xa iinjongo zozinzo kunye neenkqubo zokuhlamba impahla ezithembekileyo zizenza zibe lolona khetho lungcono lokusebenza.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Zenziwa ngantoni iikhethini zesibhedlele ezilahlwayo?

Uninzi lwenziwe ngelaphu elingalukwanga le-polypropylene (PP), eliqhele ukuba malunga ne-100–120 gsm, elilungelelanisa i-opacity, ukumelana nokukrazuka, kunye nokuhambelana neenkqubo eziqhelekileyo zomzila wesilingi.

Iikhethini ezilahlwayo zixhasa njani ulawulo losulelo kwiikliniki?

Zinciphisa umngcipheko wokungcola okusekelwe ekunxibelelaneni ngokususa nokulahlwa emva kokusetyenziswa. Ezinye iintlobo ziquka unyango lokubulala iintsholongwane olunokunciphisa iintsholongwane ezifana ne-MRSA kunye ne-VRE kumphezulu wekhethini.

Ngaba iikhethini zesibhedlele ezilahlwayo zibiza kancinci kuneekhethini zelinen eziphinda zisetyenziswe?

Zihlala zinexabiso eliphantsi leyunithi, eliqikelelwa kwi-€8–€15 xa kuthelekiswa ne-€40–€60 yelinen ephinda isetyenziswe. Nangona kunjalo, iikliniki kufuneka zibandakanye neendleko zokulahla okanye zokutshisa.

Zingatshintshwa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani iikhethini ezilahlwayo?

Ikhethini elisetyenziswa kanyeIikhethini zinokutshintshwa kwimizuzu emi-2-3, xa kuthelekiswa nemizuzu eli-10-15 xa kusetyenziswa iikhethini ezifuna ukususwa, ukuthuthwa, ukuhlanjwa, kunye nokusasazwa ngokutsha.

Ngaba amakhethini e-polypropylene alahlwayo anokuphinda asetyenziswe kwi-EU?

I-PP ingasetyenziswa kwakhona ngokwetekhnoloji, kodwa uninzi lwezibonelelo zonyango azinazo iindlela zokusebenzisa kwakhona iilaphu zeklinikhi ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, iikhethini ezingcolisiweyo zihlala ziphathwa njengenkunkuma yeklinikhi.