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Isikhokelo sokutshintsha rhoqo amakhethini esibhedlele
amakhethini esibhedlele zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ucoceko kwiindawo zonyango. Ukusetyenziswa kwamakhethini asetyenziswa kanye, afanaikhethini elahlwayo iindlela ezahlukeneyo, ziya zithandwa kakhulu ukuthintela usulelo nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezigulane. Ukutshintshwa rhoqo kwezi amakhethini eekhabhinethi alahlwayokubalulekile, xa ilahlwa Ikhethini leCubicles kwizibhedlele ezifuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo. Ubuninzi bokutshintshwa buyahluka kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesibhedlele; umzekelo, amagumbi aqhelekileyo ezigulana anokufunaamakhethini abucala alahlwayo kufuneka itshintshwe rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintathu, ngelixa iiyunithi zokhathalelo oluphezulu zidla ngokufuna utshintsho oluqhubekayo.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
- Tshintsha amakhethini esibhedlele rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintathu kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo ukuze ugcine ucoceko kwaye uthintele usulelo.
- Kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu ezifana ne-ICU, tshintsha amakhethini rhoqo emva kweeveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine okanye emva nje kokuphuma kwesigulana ukuze kuphuculwe ukhuseleko lwesigulana.
- Sebenzisa amakhethini alahlwayo ukuze ucoceke kakhulu, uvumele ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye unciphise umngcipheko wosulelo olunxulumene nokhathalelo lwempilo.
Utshintsho Olucetyiswayo Lwexesha Eliqhelekileyo Lweekhethini Zesibhedlele
Izikhokelo Jikelele
Ukugcina ucoceko lweekhethini zesibhedlele kubalulekile ekulawuleni usulelo. IZiko loLawulo lweZifo kunye nokuThintela (i-CDC) licebisa ukutshintsha iikhethini ezilahlwayo ubuncinane kanye ngenyanga. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko ezithile zinokubangela ukuba kutshintshwe rhoqo. Nazi ezinye zezikhokelo eziqhelekileyo zokutshintsha iikhethini zesibhedlele:
- Ukutshintshwa Kwenyanga: Kwiindawo zokhathalelo lwezigulane eziqhelekileyo, amakhethini kufuneka atshintshwe rhoqo emva kwenyanga enye ukuya kwezintathu.
- Ukutshintshwa Kwangoko: Ukuba amakhethini abonakala engcolile, engcolisiwe, okanye onakele, kufuneka atshintshwe ngoko nangoko.
- Ukudibana nezinto ezingcolisayo: Amakhethini adibana negazi, ulwelo lomzimba, okanye izinto ezibangela usulelo afuna ukutshintshwa ngoko nangoko ukuze kuthintelwe ukusasazeka kwezifo.
Ukuhlamba rhoqo kunye nokutshintsha amakhethini esibhedlele kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wosulelo olunxulumene nezempilo (ii-HAI). Uphando lubonisa ukuba malunga nesigulane esinye kwizigulane ezingama-25 esibhedlele sifumana i-HAI rhoqo ngonyaka, rhoqo ngenxa yendawo engcolileyo, kuquka amakhethini esibhedlele. Ke ngoko, ukunamathela kwishedyuli engqongqo yokutshintsha kubalulekile ekugcineni indawo ikhuselekile.
Iindawo Ezinobungozi Obuphezulu
Iindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu, ezinje ngeeyunithi zokhathalelo oluphezulu (ii-ICU) kunye namagumbi okuzihlukanisa, zifuna ukuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo nangakumbi kwimigaqo yokutshintshwa. I-CDC icebisa ukuba amakhethini kwezi ndawo afanele acocwe kwaye acocwe rhoqo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuxhomekeke kumngcipheko wongcoliseko. Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo malunga neendawo ezinobungozi obukhulu:
- Ukwanda kwesiqhelo: Amakhethini akwi-ICU kufuneka atshintshwe rhoqo emva kweeveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine okanye kwangoko emva kokukhululwa kwesigulana.
- Ukucoca Imihla ngemihla okanye ngevekiKwezinye iimeko, ukucoca imihla ngemihla okanye ngeveki kunokuba yimfuneko, ingakumbi ukuba kukho umngcipheko ophezulu wokosuleleka.
- Ukungcola OkubonakalayoAmakhethini kufuneka acocwe xa ebonakala engcolile okanye emva kokuchitheka kwegazi okanye ulwelo lomzimba.
Imfuneko yokutshintshwa rhoqo kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu ivela kukwanda kwamathuba okungcoliswa kwesikhumba. Amakhethini esibhedlele anokuba neentsholongwane, ezinokukhokelela kwi-HAIs ukuba azilawulwa kakuhle. Ke ngoko, ukusebenzisa ishedyuli yokutshintshwa engqongqo kubalulekile ekukhuseleni izigulana ezisengozini kunye nokuqinisekisa ucoceko lwesibhedlele ngokubanzi.
| Indawo yeSibhedlele | Uvavanyo oluQhelekileyo lwexesha lokucoca |
|---|---|
| Amagumbi ezigulane aqhelekileyo | Inyanga nganye ukuya kwezintathu |
| IiYunithi zoKhathalelo oluPhezulu (ii-ICU) | Rhoqo emva kweeveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine okanye emva kokukhululwa kwesigulana |
| Amagumbi oNgxamiseko (ii-ER) | Rhoqo emva kweeveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine okanye emva kokuchaphazeleka ngumngcipheko omkhulu |
| Amagumbi Okusebenza kunye neeYunithi Zokwahlukanisa | Emva kwenkqubo nganye yotyando okanye ukukhululwa kwesigulana |
| Iiwadi zokubeleka nezabantwana | Rhoqo emva kwenyanga enye ukuya kwezimbini, ziyanda kwiimeko ezinobungozi obukhulu |
Ngokulandela le migaqo, izibhedlele zinokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wosulelo kwaye ziphucule ukhuseleko lwezigulana.
Izinto Ezichaphazela Ukutshintshwa Kwekhethini Yesibhedlele
Uhlobo lwamakhethini
Uhlobo lwamakhethini asetyenziswa ezibhedlele luchaphazela kakhulu ukuphindaphindwa kwawo. Izinto ezahlukeneyo zamakhethini zibonelela ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuxhathisa ungcoliseko. Umzekelo, amakhethini alwa neentsholongwane aphathwa ngeengubo ezithintela ukukhula kweebhaktheriya kunye nefungi. Olu phawu luphucula ulawulo losulelo kwaye lunciphisa umngcipheko wongcoliseko. Izinto ezihlala ixesha elide, ezifana namalaphu anzima, ziyamelana nokukrazuka kunye noxinzelelo loomatshini, ziqinisekisa ukuhlala ixesha elide kunye nokukwazi ukumelana nokucocwa rhoqo. Iinkqubo ezilahlwayo zivumela ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza phakathi kotyando, ziphucula ukungabi nazintsholongwane kwiindawo zotyando. Amalaphu asemgangathweni wezonyango, anokuthunga okuqinisiweyo kunye nokukhuselwa okuqinisekisiweyo kwe-antimicrobial, abonelela ngokonga ixesha elide kwaye aphucula ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yolawulo losulelo.
| Uhlobo lweKheteni | Iimbonakalo | Iinzuzo |
|---|---|---|
| Amakhethini e-Antimicrobial | Inyangwa ngeengubo zokuthintela ukukhula kweebhaktheriya kunye neefungi | Iphucula ulawulo losulelo kwaye inciphisa umngcipheko wongcoliseko |
| Izixhobo Ezihlala Ixesha Elide | Inzima, imelana nokukrazuka kunye noxinzelelo loomatshini | Iqinisekisa ukuhlala ixesha elide kwaye imelana nokucocwa rhoqo ngaphandle kokuwohloka |
| Iinkqubo ezilahlwayo | Ingatshintshwa ngokukhawuleza phakathi kotyando | Inciphisa ixesha lokulungisa imeko kwaye iphucula ukungabi nazintsholongwane kwiindawo zotyando |
| Amalaphu e-Medical-Grade | Ukuthunga okuqinisiweyo kunye nokukhuselwa okuqinisekisiweyo kwee-antimicrobial | Ibonelela ngokonga ixesha elide kwaye iphucula ukuthobela ulawulo losulelo |
Amanqanaba okuNgcola
Amanqanaba ongcoliseko kwiindawo zesibhedlele nawo achaza ukuba kufuneka kutshintshwe kangaphi amakhethini. Amakhethini kufuneka atshintshwe ngoko nangoko ukuba abonisa amabala abonakalayo, ukukrazuka, okanye aye achaphazeleka kulwelo lomzimba. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba malunga ne-90% yamakhethini angcolileyo abonakala ngathi aqulethe iintsholongwane eziyingozi, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wosulelo olunxulumene nokhathalelo lwempilo. Kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu njengeeyunithi zokhathalelo olunzulu (ii-ICU) kunye neewadi ze-oncology, izibhedlele zihlala zitshintsha amakhethini rhoqo ngekota, nto leyo ehambelana nokwehla kwama-22% kumazinga osulelo. Izibonelelo ezongeza ukutshintshwa kwamakhethini ngaphaya kweenyanga ezili-12 zijongene nokunyuka kwama-40% kumngcipheko wongcoliseko lomphezulu. I-CDC icebisa ukuba amakhethini kufuneka acocwe kwaye abulawe iintsholongwane xa engcolile okanye emva kokuchitheka kwegazi okanye ulwelo lomzimba.
- Iishedyuli zokutshintshwa kwezigulane kufuneka zilungelelanise ukuhamba kwezigulane endaweni yexesha elimiselweyo, ingakumbi kumagumbi okuhlala yedwa kunye neeyunithi zokutsha.
- Izibhedlele ezitshintsha amakhethini rhoqo emva kweeveki ezimbini kwiiyunithi zokutsha zixela ukuba izifo ezinxulumene nokhathalelo lwempilo ziyancipha phantse ngama-60% xa kuthelekiswa nezo zilinda inyanga.
Ngokuqonda uhlobo lwamakhethini kunye namanqanaba ongcoliseko, amaziko ezempilo anokusebenzisa amaqhinga okutshintsha asebenzayo okuphucula ukhuseleko lwezigulane.
Izikhokelo zeGunya lezeMpilo zamakhethini esibhedlele
Iingcebiso zeCDC
IZiko loLawulo lweZifo kunye nokuThintela (i-CDC) libonelela ngezikhokelo ezibalulekileyo zokugcina nokutshintsha amakhethini esibhedlele. Ezi ngcebiso zijolise ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wosulelo olunxulumene nezempilo (ii-HAI) olunxulumene neendawo ezingcolisiweyo. Amanqaku aphambili avela kwi-CDC aquka:
- Ukutshintshwa rhoqo: I-CDC icebisa ukuba izibhedlele zitshintshe amakhethini kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zezigulana rhoqo emva kwenyanga enye ukuya kwezintathu. Kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu, njengeeyunithi zokhathalelo olunzulu (ii-ICU) kunye namagumbi ongxamiseko, ukuphindaphinda okucetyiswayo kunyuka rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine okanye kwangoko emva kokukhululwa kwesigulana.
- Inyathelo Elikhawulezileyo Lokuthintela Ungcoliseko: Ukuba amakhethini abonakala engcolile okanye adibana negazi okanye ulwelo lomzimba, i-CDC icebisa ukuba kutshintshwe ngoko nangoko. Eli nyathelo libalulekile ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwezifo ezibangela iintsholongwane.
- Ukuhlanganiswa nezinye iindlela zokulawula usulelo: I-CDC igxininisa ukuba ukutshintshwa kwamakhethini kufanele kuhambelane nezinye iindlela zokulawula usulelo, ezinje ngococeko lwezandla kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kumphezulu. Le ndlela idibeneyo iphucula ukhuseleko lwesigulane ngokubanzi.
Izifundo zibonisa ukuba amakhethini okhuseleko lwesibhedlele anokuba neentsholongwane eziyingozi, kuquka i-MRSA kunye ne-COVID-19. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ama-31% amakhethini okhuseleko lwesibhedlele avavanywe ukuba ane-MRSA, nto leyo egxininisa imfuneko yokuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo kwiishedyuli zokutshintshwa. Kwanasemva kokuhlamba impahla, amakhethini anokungcoliswa kwisithuba seveki, nto leyo ebeka umngcipheko wokuqhambuka kwezifo. Ke ngoko, izibhedlele kufuneka zibeke phambili ucoceko lwamakhethini njengenxalenye yeenkqubo zazo zokulawula usulelo.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yeZiko
Ukongeza kwizikhokelo ze-CDC, izibhedlele nganye nganye zihlala ziphuhlisa imigaqo-nkqubo yazo malunga nokutshintshwa kwamakhethini. Le migaqo-nkqubo idla ngokubonisa iimfuno kunye neengozi ezizodwa ezinxulumene nezigulane zazo. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Iishedyuli zoTshintsho ezenzelwe wenaIzibhedlele zinokwenza iishedyuli ezilungiselelwe ngokweengozi zamasebe kunye noluntu lwezigulane. Umzekelo, iindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu ezifana nee-ICU kunye namagumbi okuhlala abantu bodwa zifuna utshintsho oluthe rhoqo kumakhethini kuneendawo eziqhelekileyo zezigulane.
- Iindlela ezilungileyo ezivela kwizibhedlele eziphambiliIzibhedlele ezininzi zisebenzisa iindlela ezilungileyo zokutshintshwa kwamakhethini. Le theyibhile ilandelayo ishwankathela amaxesha acetyiswayo okutshintshwa kwamakhethini avela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zempilo:
| Indawo yokusetyenziswa | I-frequency ecetyiswayo yokutshintshwa |
|---|---|
| Amagumbi ezigulane aqhelekileyo | Rhoqo emva kwenyanga e-1 ukuya kweye-3 |
| IiYunithi zoKhathalelo oluPhezulu (ii-ICU) | Rhoqo emva kweeveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 okanye emva kokukhululwa kwesigulana |
| Amagumbi oNgxamiseko (ii-ER) | Rhoqo kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 okanye emva kokuchaphazeleka ngumngcipheko omkhulu |
| Amagumbi Okusebenza | Emva kwenkqubo nganye yotyando okanye ukukhululwa kwesigulana |
| Iiyunithi zokuZihlukanisa | Emva kokukhululwa kwesigulana ngasinye |
| Iiwadi zokubeleka nezabantwana | Rhoqo emva kwenyanga e-1 ukuya kwezi-2, ziyanda kwiimeko ezinobungozi obukhulu |
- Gxila kwiikhethini ezilahlwayo: Amaziko amaninzi atshintshela kwiikhethini zesibhedlele ezilahlwayo, ezibonelela ngococeko oluphezulu xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zelaphu zemveli. Ezi khethini zinokutshintshwa rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu, zihambelana namaqhinga okulawula usulelo kwaye zinegalelo ekongeni iindleko.
Ngokulandela iingcebiso zeCDC kunye nokuphuhlisa imigaqo-nkqubo eqinileyo yeziko, izibhedlele zinokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wosulelo oluhambelana namakhethini esibhedlele. Le ndlela yokuzikhusela ayigcini nje ngokuphucula ukhuseleko lwezigulane kodwa ikwakhuthaza inkcubeko yococeko kunye noxanduva kwiindawo zonyango.
Ukutshintshwa rhoqo kwamakhethini esibhedlele kubalulekile ukuze kulawulwe usulelo ngempumelelo. Ukunamathela kwizikhokelo ezimiselweyo kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo neziphumo eziphuculweyo zokuthintela usulelo. Izibhedlele eziqeqesha abasebenzi malunga nokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokutshintshwa kwazo ziphucula ukuthobela nokwazisa. Le ndlela yokuzikhusela inegalelo elikhulu kukhuseleko lwezigulane kunye nococeko ngokubanzi kwiindawo zonyango.
FAQ
Kufuneka kutshintshwe kangaphi amakhethini esibhedlele?
Amakhethini esibhedlele kufuneka atshintshwe rhoqo emva kwenyanga enye ukuya kwezintathu kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo kwaye rhoqo emva kweeveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu.
Zeziphi izinto ezichaphazela ukuphindaphindwa kwamakhethini?
Izinto ziquka uhlobo lwekhethini, amanqanaba ongcoliseko, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ethile yesibhedlele eyenzelwe iimfuno zesigulana kunye namanyathelo okulawula usulelo.
Ngaba amakhethini asetyenziswa xa elahlwa acocekile ngakumbi?
Ewe, amakhethini alahlwayo abonelela ngococeko oluphezulu njengoko anokutshintshwa rhoqo, nto leyo enciphisa umngcipheko wongcoliseko kunye nosulelo olunxulumene nezempilo.
